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标题: Correct way to try/except using Python requests module? [打印本页]

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作者: 菜鸟教程小白    时间: 2022-4-23 21:07
标题: Correct way to try/except using Python requests module?

try:
    r = requests.get(url, params={'s': thing})
except requests.ConnectionError, e:
    print e #should I also sys.exit(1) after this?

Is this correct? Is there a better way to structure this? Will this cover all my bases?

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Best Answer-推荐答案

Have a look at the Requests exception docs. In short:

In the event of a network problem (e.g. DNS failure, refused connection, etc), Requests will raise a ConnectionError exception.

In the event of the rare invalid HTTP response, Requests will raise an HTTPError exception.

If a request times out, a Timeout exception is raised.

If a request exceeds the configured number of maximum redirections, a TooManyRedirects exception is raised.

All exceptions that Requests explicitly raises inherit from requests.exceptions.RequestException.

To answer your question, what you show will not cover all of your bases. You'll only catch connection-related errors, not ones that time out.

What to do when you catch the exception is really up to the design of your script/program. Is it acceptable to exit? Can you go on and try again? If the error is catastrophic and you can't go on, then yes, you may abort your program by raising SystemExit (a nice way to both print an error and call sys.exit).

You can either catch the base-class exception, which will handle all cases:

try:
    r = requests.get(url, params={'s': thing})
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:  # This is the correct syntax
    raise SystemExit(e)

Or you can catch them separately and do different things.

try:
    r = requests.get(url, params={'s': thing})
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    # Maybe set up for a retry, or continue in a retry loop
except requests.exceptions.TooManyRedirects:
    # Tell the user their URL was bad and try a different one
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    # catastrophic error. bail.
    raise SystemExit(e)

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As Christian pointed out:

If you want http errors (e.g. 401 Unauthorized) to raise exceptions, you can call Response.raise_for_status. That will raise an HTTPError, if the response was an http error.

An example:

try:
    r = requests.get('http://www.google.com/nothere')
    r.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as err:
    raise SystemExit(err)

Will print:

404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://www.google.com/nothere

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