try:
    # age_str = input("====>")
    # age = int(age_str)
 
    # l1 = []
    # l1[2]
 
    d1 = {}
    d1["name"]
 
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)
except IndexError as e:
    print(e)
except KeyError as e:
    print("KeyError:", e)
except Exception as e:
    print("其他未知异常")

# 异常的其他结构
s = "a"
s = 1
try:
    int(s)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)
except KeyError as e:
    print(e)
except IndexError as e:
    print(e)
except Exception as e:
    print("捕获未知异常")
else:
    print("try 包含的代码块没有异常，执行else 里面的代码")
finally:
    print("执行finally 的代码，通常用于释放资源")

s = "a"
try:
    int(s)
except ValueError as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    print("执行finally 的代码，通常用于释放资源")

# 主动触发异常
try:
    raise TypeError("这个异常是主动触发的")
except TypeError as e:
    print(e)

# 自定义异常
class MyException(BaseException):
    def __init__(self, msg):
        self.msg = msg
 
    def __str__(self):
        return "<MyException:{}>".format(self.msg)
 
try:
    raise MyException("自定义异常")
except MyException as e:
    print(e)

assert 1 == 2
 
if 1 != 2:
    raise AssertionError