Try using the following solution,
Intent sendIntent = new Intent("android.intent.action.SEND");
File f=new File("path to the file");
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(f);
sendIntent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.whatsapp","com.whatsapp.ContactPicker"));
sendIntent.setType("image");
sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM,uri);
sendIntent.putExtra("jid", PhoneNumberUtils.stripSeparators("919xxxxxxxxx")+"@s.whatsapp.net");
sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,"sample text you want to send along with the image");
startActivity(sendIntent);
EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROCESS OF FINDING THE SOLUTION :
After reverse engineering WhatsApp, I came across the following snippet of Android manifest,
Normal Share intent, uses "SEND" which does not allow you to send to a specific contact and requires a contact picker.
The specific contact is picked up by Conversation class and uses "SEND_TO" action, but it uses sms body and can not take up image and other attachments.
<activity android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|orientation|screenLayout|screenSize|smallestScreenSize|uiMode" android:name="com.whatsapp.Conversation" android:theme="@style/Theme.App.CondensedActionBar" android:windowSoftInputMode="stateUnchanged">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SENDTO"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/>
<data android:scheme="sms"/>
<data android:scheme="smsto"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
Digging further, I came across this,
<activity android:configChanges="keyboard|keyboardHidden|orientation|screenLayout|screenSize|smallestScreenSize|uiMode" android:name="com.whatsapp.ContactPicker" android:theme="@style/Theme.App.NoActionBar">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.PICK"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<category android:name="com.whatsapp"/>
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<data android:mimeType="audio/*"/>
<data android:mimeType="video/*"/>
<data android:mimeType="image/*"/>
<data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
<data android:mimeType="text/x-vcard"/>
<data android:mimeType="application/pdf"/>
<data android:mimeType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"/>
<data android:mimeType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"/>
<data android:mimeType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"/>
<data android:mimeType="application/msword"/>
<data android:mimeType="application/vnd.ms-excel"/>
<data android:mimeType="application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"/>
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND_MULTIPLE"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<data android:mimeType="audio/*"/>
<data android:mimeType="video/*"/>
<data android:mimeType="image/*"/>
</intent-filter>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/>
<data android:host="send" android:scheme="whatsapp"/>
</intent-filter>
<meta-data android:name="android.service.chooser.chooser_target_service" android:value=".ContactChooserTargetService"/>
</activity>
Finally using a decompiler for ContactPicker and Conversation class,the extra key-value for phone number was found to be "jid".
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