You actually have two questions:
1) Check if you run in a headless environment (no graphics). Check this method:
if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) {
// non gui mode
} else {
// gui mode
}
2) Check which OS you are running under:
System.getProperty("os.name")
However, the second (2) question will return the same name even though you operate in a headless environment.
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