It might have something to to with the ID3 tags of the file.
I had a similar problem: I was trying to play some MP3 files with QMediaPlayer. One of the files generated that error while the others played fine (on Windows 7). On Linux though, they all played fine.
So I ran the 'file' command on my MP3 files and noticed that the problematic MP3 file had a ID3 version 2.4.0 tag while all the others had ID3 version 2.3.0. I deleted the ID3 tag of that file completely using an ID3 tag editor and after that the file played successfully.
A wild guess here: DirectShow, which is used by QMediaPlayer as backend on Windows, chokes on ID3 version 2.4 and only recognizes older versions. And QMediaPlayer on Linux uses GStreamer as backend, which does not have that problem.
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