linux - how to execute an local script in remote server with parameters

Question

I have written an bash script foo.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo "starting the script";

I want to execute it in my remote server. I tried ssh user@remote-addr < test.sh and it worked.

After that I changed the test.sh file like this

#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo "starting the script";
echo $1;

now I want to pass a local parameter to execute with my script but when I type ssh user@remote-addr < test.sh testparam it returns an error.

How can I pass parameters with my scripts?

Answer 1

With bash or ksh as /bin/sh

If your remote /bin/sh is provided by bash or ksh, you can safely do the following with an untrusted argument list, such that even malicious names (like $(rm -rf $HOME).txt) can be passed as arguments safely:

runRemote() {
  local args script

  script=$1; shift

  # generate eval-safe quoted version of current argument list
  printf -v args '%q ' "$@"

  # pass that through on the command line to bash -s
  # note that $args is parsed remotely by /bin/sh, not by bash!
  ssh user@remote-addr "bash -s -- $args" < "$script"
}

...thereafter:

runRemote test.sh testparam

---

With Any POSIX-Compliant /bin/sh

Note that the following still needs to be run in bash, but will work correctly when the system being ssh'd into has a /bin/sh that is POSIX-baseline, so long as the remote machine has bash installed.

To be safe against sufficiently malicious argument data (attempting to take advantage of the non-POSIX compliant quoting used by printf %q in bash when nonprintable characters are present in the string being escaped) even with a /bin/sh that is baseline-POSIX (such as dash or ash), it gets a bit more interesting:

runRemote() {
  local script=$1; shift
  local args
  printf -v args '%q ' "$@"
  ssh user@remote-addr "bash -s" <<EOF

  # pass quoted arguments through for parsing by remote bash
  set -- $args

  # substitute literal script text into heredoc
  $(< "$script")

EOF
}

Similarly invoked as:

runRemote test.sh testparam