newline - Bash: Strip trailing linebreak from output

Question

When I execute commands in Bash (or to be specific, wc -l < log.txt), the output contains a linebreak after it. How do I get rid of it?

Answer 1

If your expected output is a single line, you can simply remove all newline characters from the output. It would not be uncommon to pipe to the tr utility, or to Perl if preferred:

wc -l < log.txt | tr -d '
'

wc -l < log.txt | perl -pe 'chomp'

You can also use command substitution to remove the trailing newline:

echo -n "$(wc -l < log.txt)"

printf "%s" "$(wc -l < log.txt)"

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If your expected output may contain multiple lines, you have another decision to make:

If you want to remove MULTIPLE newline characters from the end of the file, again use cmd substitution:

printf "%s" "$(< log.txt)"

If you want to strictly remove THE LAST newline character from a file, use Perl:

perl -pe 'chomp if eof' log.txt

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Note that if you are certain you have a trailing newline character you want to remove, you can use head from GNU coreutils to select everything except the last byte. This should be quite quick:

head -c -1 log.txt

Also, for completeness, you can quickly check where your newline (or other special) characters are in your file using cat and the 'show-all' flag -A. The dollar sign character will indicate the end of each line:

cat -A log.txt