c++ - WaitForInputIdle doesn't work for starting mspaint programmatically

Question

I'm trying to open "mspaint" and find handle of it right after it has been initialized. But FindWindow returns NULL if I call WaitForInputIdle. If I try to use the function Sleep(1000) it works. But I don't think it's a right way to wait for the program to be ready. Is there a solution for this code?

    CString strWindowDirectory;
    GetSystemDirectory(strWindowDirectory.GetBuffer(MAX_PATH), MAX_PATH);
    SHELLEXECUTEINFO sei = { 0 };
    sei.cbSize = sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFO);
    sei.fMask =  SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
    sei.lpVerb = L"open";
    sei.lpFile = L"mspaint";
    sei.lpDirectory = strWindowDirectory;
    sei.nShow = SW_SHOWNORMAL;

    HWND    hPaint = NULL;
    if(ShellExecuteEx(&sei))
    {
        int r = ::WaitForInputIdle(sei.hProcess, INFINITE);
        ATLTRACE(L"WaitForInputIdle %d
", r);

        if (sei.hProcess == NULL)       return;

        hPaint = ::FindWindow(L"MSPaintApp", NULL); 

        ATLTRACE(L"Handle %d
", hPaint);
        if (!hPaint) return;
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox(L"Couldn't find mspaint program");
        return;
    }

Answer 1

WaitForInputIdle works, but not the way you assume it does. This is largely, because the documentation is misleading (or at least not as explicit as it should be):

Waits until the specified process has finished processing its initial input and is waiting for user input with no input pending, or until the time-out interval has elapsed.

This is almost criminally inaccurate. While the Remarks section notes, that WaitForInputIdle waits at most once per process, it never mentions significant details. Specifically:

• WaitForInputIdle returns, as soon as the initial startup has come to a point, where any thread in the process is ready to process messages. Those messages need not be user input.
• WaitForInputIdle was invented to allow a process to communicate with a child process using a message-based protocol. The specific scenario addressed was DDE, which no one¹⁾ uses anymore.

WaitForInputIdle cannot be used as a reliable solution to your problem: Waiting for a child process' UI to show up. You really need to wait for the UI show up.

The system offers two solutions you can use:

1. A global CBT hook, and wait for the HCBT_CREATEWND callback. You can inspect the CREATESTRUCT's lpszClass and/or lpszName members to filter out the window you are interested in.
2. Use WinEvents and respond to the EVENT_OBJECT_CREATE event.

The global CBT hook is called, whenever a window is about to be created. The kernel structures that the HWND references have been fully populated, but the client calling CreateWindow[Ex] may still terminate window creation. In contrast, the WinEvent is issued, after the window has been fully constructed, and is ready for interaction.

In general, a solution based on a CBT hook is used, when an application needs to update certain aspects of a window before the caller of CreateWindowEx gets to see the HWND for the first time. WinEvents, instead, are usually the tool of choice when implementing accessibility or UI automation solutions.

---

Additional resources:

• WaitForInputIdle should really be called WaitForProcessStartupComplete
• WaitForInputIdle waits for any thread, which might not be the thread you care about

---

¹⁾ Yes, I know, some applications might still use DDE. But if Raymond Chen suggested in 2007, that we should feel free to stop using DDE, I'll just pass that on as authoritative guidance.