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html() vs innerHTML jquery/javascript & XSS attacks

I'm testing xss attacks on my own code. The example beneath is a simple box where an user can type whatever he wants. After pressing "test!" button, JS will show the input string into two divs.This is an example I made to explain better my question:

<html>
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
    function testIt(){
        var input = document.getElementById('input-test').value;
        var testHtml = document.getElementById('test-html');
        var testInnerHTML = document.getElementById('test-innerHTML');
        $(testHtml).html(input);
        testInnerHTML.innerHTML = input;
    }
</script>
<head>this is a test</head>
<body>  
    <input id="input-test" type="text" name="foo" />
    <input type="button" onClick="testIt();" value="test!"/>
    <div id="test-html">
    </div>
    <div id="test-innerHTML">
    </div>
</body>

if you try to copy it into a .html file and run it, it will work fine, but if you try to input <script>alert('xss')</script>, only one alert box will be thrown: the one inside `test-html' div (with html() function).

I really can't understand why this is happening, and also, inspecting the code with firebug gives me this result (after injecting the script)

<body>
this is a test
<input id="input-test" type="text" name="foo">
<input type="button" value="test!" onclick="testIt();">
<div id="test-html"> </div>
<div id="test-innerHTML">
  <script>
    alert('xss')
  </script>
</div>
</body>

as you can see test-html div is empty, and test-innerhtml div contans the script. Can someone tell me why? Is because html() is more secure against scripts injection or something similar?

Thanks in advance, best regards.

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1 Answer

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Contrary to what is being said in the accepted answer, jQuery.html() and the many jQuery functions which accept HTML strings as arguments are more prone to DOM-based XSS injection than innerHTML, as noticed by the OP.

jQuery.html() extracts the <script> tags, updates the DOM and evaluates the code embedded in the script tags.

As a result, XSS can happen without user interaction even after the DOM is loaded when using jQuery.html().

This is very easy to demonstrate.

This will call alert():

$('.xss').html('<script>alert("XSS");</script>');

http://jsfiddle.net/2TpHC/

While this will not:

var d = document.getElementById('xss');
d.innerHTML = '<script>alert("XSS");</script>';

http://jsfiddle.net/Tjspu/

Unfortunately, there are many other code paths (sinks) which lead to calling eval() in jQuery. The security conscious will probably avoid jQuery altogether, as far as possible.

Note that I do not claim that using innerHTML is an effective defense against XSS. It is not. Passing unescaped data to innerHTML is not safe, as pointed out by @daghan. One should always properly escape data when generating HTML.


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