.net - Equals vs GetHashCode when comparing objects

Question

Should we override both Equals and GetHashCode properties when implementing a custom class instances comparison?

In the following code I have a collection of classes. The class A is compared by the ID, the class B - by Code.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;

namespace ConsoleApplication2
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<I> bars = new List<I>();
            bars.Add(new A() { Id = 1, Code = "one A" });
            bars.Add(new B() { Id = 1, Code = "one B" });
            bars.Add(new A() { Id = 1, Code = "one A+" });
            bars.Add(new B() { Id = 1, Code = "one B" }); // Code = "one B+"

            var distictBars = bars.Distinct();

            foreach (var item in distictBars)
            {
                Debug.WriteLine(item.Code);
            }
        }
    }

    interface I
    {
        string Code { get; set; }
    }

    class A : I, IEquatable<A>
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Code { get; set; }

        public bool Equals(A other)
        {
            // this is the ??? comparison
            return this.Id == other.Id;
            //return this.Code == other.Code;
        }

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            if (obj is A)
                return this.Equals(obj as A);
            else
                return object.ReferenceEquals(this, obj);
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            // this is the wanted comparison
            return this.Id;
        }
    }

    class B : I, IEquatable<B>
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Code { get; set; }

        public bool Equals(B other)
        {
            // this is the ??? comparison
            return this.Id == other.Id;
        }

        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            if (obj is B)
                return this.Equals(obj as B);
            else
                return object.ReferenceEquals(this, obj);
        }

        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            // this is the wanted comparison
            return this.Code.GetHashCode();
        }
    }
}

The output is:

one A
one B

in case the commented Code = "one B+" the output is

one A
one B
one B+

Now I ask myself what for should I override the Equals in the B class if it seems that this have no effect on comparison?

Is GetHasCode() overriding sufficient for that kind of comparisons?

Answer 1

Here's what you need to understand about the relationship between Equals and GetHashCode.

Hash codes are used by hashtables to quickly find a "bucket" in which an element is expected to exist. If elements are in two different buckets, the assumption is they cannot be equal.

The outcome of this is that you should view a hash code, for purposes of determining uniqueness, as a quick negative check: i.e., if two objects have different hash codes, they are not the same (regardless of what their Equals methods return).

If two objects have the same hash code, they will reside in the same bucket of a hash table. Then their Equals methods will be called to determine equality.

So GetHashCode must return the same value for two objects that you want to be considered equal.