determining java memory usage

Question

Hmmm. Is there a primer anywhere on memory usage in Java? I would have thought Sun or IBM would have had a good article on the subject but I can't find anything that looks really solid. I'm interested in knowing two things:

1. at runtime, figuring out how much memory the classes in my package are using at a given time
2. at design time, estimating general memory overhead requirements for various things like:
   • how much memory overhead is required for an empty object (in addition to the space required by its fields)
   • how much memory overhead is required when creating closures
   • how much memory overhead is required for collections like ArrayList

I may have hundreds of thousands of objects created and I want to be a "good neighbor" to not be overly wasteful of RAM. I mean I don't really care whether I'm using 10% more memory than the "optimal case" (whatever that is), but if I'm implementing something that uses 5x as much memory as I could if I made a simple change, I'd want to use less memory (or be able to create more objects for a fixed amount of memory available).

I found a few articles (Java Specialists' Newsletter and something from Javaworld) and one of the builtin classes java.lang.instrument.getObjectSize() which claims to measure an "approximation" (??) of memory use, but these all seem kind of vague...

(and yes I realize that a JVM running on two different OS's may be likely to use different amounts of memory for different objects)

Answer 1

I used JProfiler a number of years ago and it did a good job, and you could break down memory usage to a fairly granular level.