embedded - @ sign in C variable declaration

Question

I found this header file for PIC microcontrollers by the name of pic1250.h and I'm unable to get the hang of some syntax used in it.

The source for the file is:

/*
 *  Header file for the Microchip 
 *  PIC 12c508 chip 
 *  PIC 12c509 chip
 *  Baseline Microcontrollers
 */

static volatile unsigned char   RTCC    @ 0x01;
static volatile unsigned char   TMR0    @ 0x01;
static volatile unsigned char   PCL @ 0x02;
static volatile unsigned char   STATUS  @ 0x03;
static          unsigned char   FSR @ 0x04;
static volatile unsigned char   OSCCAL  @ 0x05;
static volatile unsigned char   GPIO    @ 0x06;

static          unsigned char control   OPTION  @ 0x00;
static volatile unsigned char control   TRIS    @ 0x06;

/*  STATUS bits */
static bit  GPWUF   @ (unsigned)&STATUS*8+7;
static bit  PA0 @ (unsigned)&STATUS*8+5;
static bit  TO  @ (unsigned)&STATUS*8+4;
static bit  PD  @ (unsigned)&STATUS*8+3;
static bit  ZERO    @ (unsigned)&STATUS*8+2;
static bit  DC  @ (unsigned)&STATUS*8+1;
static bit  CARRY   @ (unsigned)&STATUS*8+0;

/*  OPTION bits */
#define     GPWU    (1<<7)
#define     GPPU    (1<<6)
#define     T0CS    (1<<5)
#define     T0SE    (1<<4)
#define     PSA (1<<3)
#define     PS2 (1<<2)
#define     PS1 (1<<1)
#define     PS0 (1<<0)

/*  OSCCAL bits */
static bit  CAL7    @ (unsigned)&OSCCAL*8+7;
static bit  CAL6    @ (unsigned)&OSCCAL*8+6;
static bit  CAL5    @ (unsigned)&OSCCAL*8+5;
static bit  CAL4    @ (unsigned)&OSCCAL*8+4;

/*  GPIO bits   */
static bit  GP5 @ (unsigned)&GPIO*8+5;
static bit  GP4 @ (unsigned)&GPIO*8+4;
static bit  GP3 @ (unsigned)&GPIO*8+3;
static bit  GP2 @ (unsigned)&GPIO*8+2;
static bit  GP1 @ (unsigned)&GPIO*8+1;
static bit  GP0 @ (unsigned)&GPIO*8+0;

#define CONFIG_ADDR 0xFFF
#define FOSC0       0x01
#define FOSC1       0x02
#define WDTE        0x04
#define CP      0x08
#define MCLRE       0x0F

I'm unable to understand the whole modifer-datatype @ declaration-something. Can someone please help me out? I'm just a newbie at this.

Answer 1

It's a compiler extension.

From PIC MPLAB XC8 compiler documentation (emphasis mine):

5.5.4 Absolute Variables

Most variables can be located at an absolute address by following its declaration with the construct @ address, where address is the location in memory where the variable is to be positioned. Such a variables is known as an absolute variables.

5.5.4.1 ABSOLUTE VARIABLES IN DATA MEMORY

Absolute variables are primarily intended for equating the address of a C identifier with a special function register, but can be used to place ordinary variables at an absolute address in data memory.

For example:

volatile unsigned char Portvar @ 0x06;

will declare a variable called Portvar located at 06h in the data memory. The compiler will reserve storage for this object (if the address falls into general-purpose RAM) and will equate the variable’s identifier to that address.

Note that MPLAB XC8 is not the only compiler to have the same @ construct to place an object in the specific memory location.

Another well known compiler is Freescale CodeWarrior (at least for HCS08).

Another one is IAR C Compiler (at least for MSP430 and AVR).