c - Get directory separator char on Windows? ('', '/', etc.)

Question

tl;dr: How do I ask Windows what the current directory separator character on the system is?

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Different versions of Windows seem to behave differently (e.g. and / both work on the English versions, ￥ is apparently on the Japanese version, ? is apparently on the Korean version, etc...

Is there any way to avoid hard-coding this, and instead ask Windows at run time?

Note:

Ideally, the solution should not depend on a high-level DLL like ShlWAPI.dll, because lower-level libraries also depend on this. So it should really either depend on kernel32.dll or ntdll.dll or the like... although I'm having a trouble finding anything at all, whether at a high level or at a low level.

Edit:

A little experimentation told me that it's the Win32 subsystem (i.e. kernel32.dll... or is it perhaps RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U in ntdll.dll? not sure, didn't test...) which converts forward slashes to backslashes, not the kernel. (Prefixing \? makes it impossible to use forward slashes later in the path -- and the NT native user-mode API also fails with forward slashes.)

So apparently it's not quite "built into" Windows, but rather just a compatibility feature -- which means you can't just blindly substitute slashes instead of backslashes, because any program which randomly prefixes \? to paths will automatically break on forward slashes.

I have mixed feelings on what conclusions to make regarding this, but I just thought I'd mention it.

_{(I tagged this as "path separator" even though that's technically incorrect because the path separator is used for separating paths, not directories (; vs. ). Hopefully people get what I meant.)}

Answer 1

While the ? and ￥ characters are shown as directory separator symbols in the respective Korean and Japanese windows versions, they are only how those versions of Windows represent the same Unicode code point U+005c as a glyph. The underlying code point for backslash is still the same across English Windows and the Japanese and Korean windows versions.

Extra confirmation for this can be found on this page: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd374047(v=vs.85).aspx

Security Considerations for Character Sets in File Names

Windows code page and OEM character sets used on Japanese-language systems contain the Yen symbol (￥) instead of a backslash (). Thus, the Yen character is a prohibited character for NTFS and FAT file systems. When mapping Unicode to a Japanese-language code page, conversion functions map both backslash (U+005C) and the normal Unicode Yen symbol (U+00A5) to this same character. For security reasons, your applications should not typically allow the character U+00A5 in a Unicode string that might be converted for use as a FAT file name.

Also, I don't know of any Windows API function that gets you the system's path separator, but you can rely on it being in all circumstances.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365247%28VS.85%29.aspx#naming_conventions

The following fundamental rules enable applications to create and process valid names for files and directories, regardless of the file system:

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Use a backslash () to separate the components of a path. The backslash divides the file name from the path to it, and one directory name from another directory name in a path. You cannot use a backslash in the name for the actual file or directory because it is a reserved character that separates the names into components.

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About /

Windows should support the use of / as a directory separator in the API functions, though not necessarily in the command prompt (command.com).

Note File I/O functions in the Windows API convert "/" to "" as part of converting the name to an NT-style name, except when using the "?" prefix as detailed in the following sections.

It's 'tough' to figure out the truth of all this, but this might be a really helpful link about / in Windows paths: http://bytes.com/topic/python/answers/23123-when-did-windows-start-accepting-forward-slash-path-separator