I asked this during the 'Ask the Experts' session at //Build/. The answer was "Yes, within reason. Not all of the WinRT api's will function when called from desktop apps - for example any metro specific ones will fail. No explicit list of which ones work from desktop (non-metro) apps is available."
Edit:
It appears that the documentation has been updated to provide a list of WinRT api's available from the desktop.
与恶龙缠斗过久,自身亦成为恶龙;凝视深渊过久,深渊将回以凝视…