This one assumes the existence of an itoa to convert an int to character representation, and an fputs to write out a string to wherever you want it to go.
The floating point output is non-conforming in at least one respect: it makes no attempt at rounding correctly, as the standard requires, so if you have have (for example) a value of 1.234 that is internally stored as 1.2399999774, it'll be printed out as 1.2399 instead of 1.2340. This saves quite a bit of work, and remains sufficient for most typical purposes.
This also supports %c and %x in addition to the conversions you asked about, but they're pretty trivial to remove if you want to get rid of them (and doing so will obviously save a little memory).
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
static void ftoa_fixed(char *buffer, double value);
static void ftoa_sci(char *buffer, double value);
int my_vfprintf(FILE *file, char const *fmt, va_list arg) {
int int_temp;
char char_temp;
char *string_temp;
double double_temp;
char ch;
int length = 0;
char buffer[512];
while ( ch = *fmt++) {
if ( '%' == ch ) {
switch (ch = *fmt++) {
/* %% - print out a single % */
case '%':
fputc('%', file);
length++;
break;
/* %c: print out a character */
case 'c':
char_temp = va_arg(arg, int);
fputc(char_temp, file);
length++;
break;
/* %s: print out a string */
case 's':
string_temp = va_arg(arg, char *);
fputs(string_temp, file);
length += strlen(string_temp);
break;
/* %d: print out an int */
case 'd':
int_temp = va_arg(arg, int);
itoa(int_temp, buffer, 10);
fputs(buffer, file);
length += strlen(buffer);
break;
/* %x: print out an int in hex */
case 'x':
int_temp = va_arg(arg, int);
itoa(int_temp, buffer, 16);
fputs(buffer, file);
length += strlen(buffer);
break;
case 'f':
double_temp = va_arg(arg, double);
ftoa_fixed(buffer, double_temp);
fputs(buffer, file);
length += strlen(buffer);
break;
case 'e':
double_temp = va_arg(arg, double);
ftoa_sci(buffer, double_temp);
fputs(buffer, file);
length += strlen(buffer);
break;
}
}
else {
putc(ch, file);
length++;
}
}
return length;
}
int normalize(double *val) {
int exponent = 0;
double value = *val;
while (value >= 1.0) {
value /= 10.0;
++exponent;
}
while (value < 0.1) {
value *= 10.0;
--exponent;
}
*val = value;
return exponent;
}
static void ftoa_fixed(char *buffer, double value) {
/* carry out a fixed conversion of a double value to a string, with a precision of 5 decimal digits.
* Values with absolute values less than 0.000001 are rounded to 0.0
* Note: this blindly assumes that the buffer will be large enough to hold the largest possible result.
* The largest value we expect is an IEEE 754 double precision real, with maximum magnitude of approximately
* e+308. The C standard requires an implementation to allow a single conversion to produce up to 512
* characters, so that's what we really expect as the buffer size.
*/
int exponent = 0;
int places = 0;
static const int width = 4;
if (value == 0.0) {
buffer[0] = '0';
buffer[1] = '';
return;
}
if (value < 0.0) {
*buffer++ = '-';
value = -value;
}
exponent = normalize(&value);
while (exponent > 0) {
int digit = value * 10;
*buffer++ = digit + '0';
value = value * 10 - digit;
++places;
--exponent;
}
if (places == 0)
*buffer++ = '0';
*buffer++ = '.';
while (exponent < 0 && places < width) {
*buffer++ = '0';
--exponent;
++places;
}
while (places < width) {
int digit = value * 10.0;
*buffer++ = digit + '0';
value = value * 10.0 - digit;
++places;
}
*buffer = '';
}
void ftoa_sci(char *buffer, double value) {
int exponent = 0;
int places = 0;
static const int width = 4;
if (value == 0.0) {
buffer[0] = '0';
buffer[1] = '';
return;
}
if (value < 0.0) {
*buffer++ = '-';
value = -value;
}
exponent = normalize(&value);
int digit = value * 10.0;
*buffer++ = digit + '0';
value = value * 10.0 - digit;
--exponent;
*buffer++ = '.';
for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
int digit = value * 10.0;
*buffer++ = digit + '0';
value = value * 10.0 - digit;
}
*buffer++ = 'e';
itoa(exponent, buffer, 10);
}
int my_printf(char const *fmt, ...) {
va_list arg;
int length;
va_start(arg, fmt);
length = my_vfprintf(stdout, fmt, arg);
va_end(arg);
return length;
}
int my_fprintf(FILE *file, char const *fmt, ...) {
va_list arg;
int length;
va_start(arg, fmt);
length = my_vfprintf(file, fmt, arg);
va_end(arg);
return length;
}
#ifdef TEST
int main() {
float floats[] = { 0.0, 1.234e-10, 1.234e+10, -1.234e-10, -1.234e-10 };
my_printf("%s, %d, %x
", "Some string", 1, 0x1234);
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(floats) / sizeof(floats[0]); i++)
my_printf("%f, %e
", floats[i], floats[i]);
return 0;
}
#endif
