It's an architecture-safe (64 vs 32 bit) type to support different platforms and implementations of C.
Apple recommends that you use NSInteger
over normal types anyway, I would assume for portability!
You can read more at this Foundation Types Reference.
Basic description:
When building 32-bit applications,
NSInteger is a 32-bit integer. A
64-bit application treats NSInteger as
a 64-bit integer.
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