There are many possible approaches for such a color mapping. The simplest is sketched in the program below.
The core of this snippet is the initColorMap method. It takes a number of interpolation steps and an array of colors to interpolate between. In the screenshot, these have been
- red
- red, green
- red, green, blue (like in the first image of the question)
- red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta
- black, orange, white, blue, dark blue (an attempt to obtain a color map similar to that from the second image in the question)
- red, green, blue, sampled with a sine function
The method returns an int array containing the RGB values of the interpolated colors. This might be used directly. But for an improved versatility, these arrays are wrapped into a ColorMap1D interface, which offers a method that returns an RGB color for any given value between 0.0 and 1.0.
For your application case, this could probably used like this:
double value = (double)iterations / maxIterations;
int rgb = colorMap.getColor(value);
(EDIT: The following description and the code have been updated and extended based on the request in the comment)
Such a "normalization" to the range [0.0, 1.0] and the abstraction using interfaces is often beneficial.
As a demonstration of the effects that are possible with this abstraction: The ColorMaps1D class contains several methods to create ColorMap1D instances:
ColorMaps1D#createDefault(int steps, Color ... colors): Creates a default color map that interpolates over a given sequence of colors with a predefined number of steps (the "resolution" of the color map)ColorMaps1D#create(ColorMap1D delegate, DoubleFunction<Double> function) : This method creates a color map where the argument of the getColor method is transformed with the given function before it is passed the the getColor method of the given delegate.
Thus, one can easily create a ColorMap1D that interpolates non-linearly between colors. One could even create a ColorMap1D implementation that interpolates over several other color maps.
As an example, I have added a color map that uses the default, simple Red->Green->Blue color map, but accesses it with a function that computes the sine of the argument. This way, it is possible to "cycle" through the Red->Green->Blue color map several times.
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
public class ColorMapsTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
createAndShowGUI();
}
});
}
private static void createAndShowGUI()
{
JFrame f = new JFrame();
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.getContentPane().setLayout(new GridLayout(0,1));
int steps = 1024;
f.getContentPane().add(
createPanel(steps, Color.RED));
f.getContentPane().add(
createPanel(steps, Color.RED, Color.GREEN));
f.getContentPane().add(
createPanel(steps, Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE));
f.getContentPane().add(
createPanel(steps,
Color.RED, Color.YELLOW,
Color.GREEN, Color.CYAN,
Color.BLUE, Color.MAGENTA));
f.getContentPane().add(
createPanel(steps,
Color.BLACK, Color.ORANGE, Color.WHITE,
Color.BLUE, new Color(0,0,128)));
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
Color colors[] = new Color[]{ Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE };
String info = "With sine over "+createString(colors);
panel.add(new JLabel(info), BorderLayout.NORTH);
ColorMapPanel1D colorMapPanel =
new ColorMapPanel1D(
ColorMaps1D.createSine(
ColorMaps1D.createDefault(steps, colors), Math.PI * 4));
panel.add(colorMapPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
f.getContentPane().add(panel);
f.setSize(500, 400);
f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
private static JPanel createPanel(int steps, Color ... colors)
{
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
String info = "In "+steps+" steps over "+createString(colors);
panel.add(new JLabel(info), BorderLayout.NORTH);
ColorMapPanel1D colorMapPanel =
new ColorMapPanel1D(ColorMaps1D.createDefault(steps, colors));
panel.add(colorMapPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
return panel;
}
private static String createString(Color ... colors)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i=0; i<colors.length; i++)
{
sb.append(createString(colors[i]));
if (i < colors.length - 1)
{
sb.append(", ");
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static String createString(Color color)
{
return "("+color.getRed()+","+color.getGreen()+","+color.getBlue()+")";
}
}
// NOTE: This is an interface that is equivalent to the functional
// interface in Java 8. In an environment where Java 8 is available,
// this interface may be omitted, and the Java 8 version of this
// interface may be used instead.
interface DoubleFunction<R>
{
R apply(double value);
}
/**
* Interface for classes that can map a single value from the range
* [0,1] to an int that represents an RGB color
*/
interface ColorMap1D
{
/**
* Returns an int representing the RGB color, for the given value in [0,1]
*
* @param value The value in [0,1]
* @return The RGB color
*/
int getColor(double value);
}
/**
* Default implementation of a {@link ColorMap1D} that is backed by
* a simple int array
*/
class DefaultColorMap1D implements ColorMap1D
{
/**
* The backing array containing the RGB colors
*/
private final int colorMapArray[];
/**
* Creates a color map that is backed by the given array
*
* @param colorMapArray The array containing RGB colors
*/
DefaultColorMap1D(int colorMapArray[])
{
this.colorMapArray = colorMapArray;
}
@Override
public int getColor(double value)
{
double d = Math.max(0.0, Math.min(1.0, value));
int i = (int)(d * (colorMapArray.length - 1));
return colorMapArray[i];
}
}
/**
* Methods to create {@link ColorMap1D} instances
*/
class ColorMaps1D
{
/**
* Creates a {@link ColorMap1D} that walks through the given delegate
* color map using a sine function with the given frequency
*
* @param delegate The delegate
* @param frequency The frequency
* @return The new {@link ColorMap1D}
*/
static ColorMap1D createSine(ColorMap1D delegate, final double frequency)
{
return create(delegate, new DoubleFunction<Double>()
{
@Override
public Double apply(double value)
{
return 0.5 + 0.5 * Math.sin(value * frequency);
}
});
}
/**
* Creates a {@link ColorMap1D} that will convert the argument
* with the given function before it is looking up the color
* in the given delegate
*
* @param delegate The delegate {@link ColorMap1D}
* @param function The function for converting the argument
* @return The new {@link ColorMap1D}
*/
static ColorMap1D create(
final ColorMap1D delegate, final DoubleFunction<Double> function)
{
return new ColorMap1D()
{
@Override
public int getColor(double value)
{
return delegate.getColor(function.apply(value));
}
};
}
/**
* Creates a new ColorMap1D that maps a value between 0.0 and 1.0
* (inclusive) to the specified color range, internally using the
* given number of steps for interpolating between the colors
*
* @param steps The number of interpolation steps
* @param colors The colors
* @return The color map
*/
static ColorMap1D createDefault(int steps, Color ... colors)
{
return new DefaultColorMap1D(initColorMap(steps, colors));
}
/**
* Creates the color array which contains RGB colors as integers,
* interpolated through the given colors.
*
* @param steps The number of interpolation steps, and the size
* of the resulting array
* @param colors The colors for the array
* @return The color array
*/
static int[] initColorMap(int steps, Color ... colors)
{
int colorMap[] = new int[steps];
if (colors.length == 1)
{
Arrays.fill(colorMap, colors[0].getRGB());
return colorMap;
}
double colorDelta = 1.0 / (colors.length - 1);
for (int i=0; i<steps; i++)
{
double globalRel = (double)i / (steps - 1);
int index0 = (int)(globalRel / colorDelta);
int index1 = Math.min(colors.length-1, index0 + 1);
double localRel = (globalRel - index0 * colorDelta) / colorDelta;
Color c0 = colors[index0];
int r0 = c0.getRed();
int g0 = c0.getGreen();
int b0 = c0.getBlue();
int a0 = c0.getAlpha();
Color c1 = colors[index1];
int r1 = c1.getRed();
int g1 = c1.getGreen();
int b1 = c1.getBlue();
int a1 = c1.getAlpha();
int dr = r1-r0;
int dg = g1-g0;
int db = b1-b0;
int da = a1-a0;
int r = (int)(r0 + localRel * dr);
int g = (int)(g0 + localRel * dg);
int b = (int)(b0 + localRel * db);
int a = (int)(a0 + localRel * da);
int rgb =
(a << 24) |
(r << 16) |
(g << 8) |
(b << 0);
colorMap[i] = rgb;
}
return colorMap;
}
/**
* Private constructor to prevent instantiation
*/
private ColorMaps1D()
{
// Private constructor to prevent instantiation
}
}
/**
* A panel painting a {@link ColorMap1D}
*/
class ColorMapPanel1D extends JPanel
{
/**
* The {@link ColorMap1D} that is painted
*/
private final ColorMap1D colorMap;
/**
* Creates a new panel that paints the given color map
*
* @param colorMap The {@link ColorMap1D} to be painted
*/
ColorMapPanel1D(ColorMap1D colorMap)
{
this.colorMap = colorMap;
}
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g)
{
super.paintComponent(g);
for (int x=0; x<getWidth(); x++)
{
double d = (double)x / (getWidth() - 1);
int rgb = colorMap.getColor(d);
g.setColor(
