Yes, in embedded HTML with CSS
JavaFX has a WebView control which handles CSS animations according to the w3c css animation specification.
No, in the scene graph (with CSS)
The JavaFX 8 scene graph does not support animations with the CSS language itself (as in this w3c css animation specification).
Yes, in the scene graph (with code)
The following information you probably already know and, so, is likely not the answer you are looking for.
The animation sample you link in your question (bounces, fades, etc.) can be handled in code rather than CSS. FXExperience provide a canned animation sample library on how to accomplish such things. Or you can read up on coding animations in the Java tutorials.
You can animate CSS properties from code, see:
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