The problem with any hotspot bugs, is that you need to reach the compilation threshold (e.g. 10000) before it can get you: so if your unit tests are "trivial", you probably won't catch it.
For example, we caught the incorrect results issue in lucene, because this particular test creates 20,000 document indexes.
In our tests we randomize different interfaces (e.g. different Directory implementations) and indexing parameters and such, and the test only fails 1% of the time, of course its then reproducable with the same random seed. We also run checkindex on every index that tests create, which do some sanity tests to ensure the index is not corrupt.
For the test we found, if you have a particular configuration: e.g. RAMDirectory + PulsingCodec + payloads stored for the field, then after it hits the compilation threshold, the enumeration loop over the postings returns incorrect calculations, in this case the number of returned documents for a term != the docFreq stored for the term.
We have a good number of stress tests, and its important to note the normal assertions in this test actually pass, its the checkindex part at the end that fails.
The big problem with this, is that lucene's incremental indexing fundamentally works by merging multiple segments into one: because of this, if these enums calculate invalid data, this invalid data is then stored into the newly merged index: aka corruption.
I'd say this bug is much sneakier than previous loop optimizer hotspot bugs we have hit (e.g. sign-flip stuff, https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-2975). In that case we got wacky negative document deltas, which make it easy to catch. We also only had to manually unroll a single method to dodge it. On the other hand, the only "test" we had initially for that was a huge 10GB index of http://www.pangaea.de/, so it was painful to narrow it down to this bug.
In this case, I spent a good amount of time (e.g. every night last week) trying to manually unroll/inline various things, trying to create some workaround so we could dodge the bug and not have the possibility of corrupt indexes being created. I could dodge some cases, but there were many more cases I couldn't... and I'm sure if we can trigger this stuff in our tests there are more cases out there...
