I've been searching for official documentation on this but have yet to find any. Based on reviewing the new classes exposed in iOS 5 and those additions made to pre-existing classes, I'm recommending to my team to presume a delegate protocol but to provide a block instead when there is a direct causal nexus between that specific call and performance of the block.
So, as a rule of thumb, a delegate protocol is correct when there's a need for ongoing communication, the actions causing the communication are diffuse or the actions are emanating from a third source. Blocks are primarily associated with asynchronous actions and single-shot classes in particular.
EDIT: so, some examples:
UIScrollViewDelegate
is correctly a delegate protocol because (i) there's a wide range of things that may need to be communicated; (ii) they may need to be communicated in any order and at any time; and (iii) they will be communicated for reasons beyond the delegate's control.
NSURLConnection +sendAsynchronousRequest:queue:completionHandler:
correctly takes a block to deliver results because (i) there's exactly one result to report; and (ii) the report comes back as a direct consequence of action taken by the caller.
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