calling Objective C functions from Python?

Question

Is there a way to dynamically call an Objective C function from Python?

For example, On the mac I would like to call this Objective C function

[NSSpeechSynthesizer availableVoices]

without having to precompile any special Python wrapper module.

Answer 1

As others have mentioned, PyObjC is the way to go. But, for completeness' sake, here's how you can do it with ctypes, in case you need it to work on versions of OS X prior to 10.5 that do not have PyObjC installed:

import ctypes
import ctypes.util

# Need to do this to load the NSSpeechSynthesizer class, which is in AppKit.framework
appkit = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(ctypes.util.find_library('AppKit'))
objc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(ctypes.util.find_library('objc'))

objc.objc_getClass.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
objc.sel_registerName.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
objc.objc_msgSend.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
objc.objc_msgSend.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_void_p]

# Without this, it will still work, but it'll leak memory
NSAutoreleasePool = objc.objc_getClass('NSAutoreleasePool')
pool = objc.objc_msgSend(NSAutoreleasePool, objc.sel_registerName('alloc'))
pool = objc.objc_msgSend(pool, objc.sel_registerName('init'))

NSSpeechSynthesizer = objc.objc_getClass('NSSpeechSynthesizer')
availableVoices = objc.objc_msgSend(NSSpeechSynthesizer, objc.sel_registerName('availableVoices'))

count = objc.objc_msgSend(availableVoices, objc.sel_registerName('count'))
voiceNames = [
  ctypes.string_at(
    objc.objc_msgSend(
      objc.objc_msgSend(availableVoices, objc.sel_registerName('objectAtIndex:'), i),
      objc.sel_registerName('UTF8String')))
  for i in range(count)]
print voiceNames

objc.objc_msgSend(pool, objc.sel_registerName('release'))

It ain't pretty, but it gets the job done. The final list of available names is stored in the voiceNames variable above.

2012-4-28 Update: Fixed to work in 64-bit Python builds by making sure all parameters and return types are passed as pointers instead of 32-bit integers.