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React中使用axios发送请求的几种常用方法

原作者: [db:作者] 来自: [db:来源] 收藏 邀请

React中安装并引入axios依赖

在React项目中使用axios请求,首先需要安装axios:

npm install axios --save

然后在react文件中使用typescript方式导入axios依赖:

import axios from 'axios';

使用axios进行GET请求

axios中使用GET请求时有两中方式:

  • 一种是使用axios.get的方式进行
  • 一种是使用axios(config { ... })的方式进行

使用axios.get方式

使用封装的axios.get进行请求的常用格式如下:

// Make a request for a user with a given ID
axios.get('/getUser?id=12345')
  .then(function (response) {
    // handle success
    console.log(response);
 
    // update state or do something
    this.setState({
      // ...
    })
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    // handle error
    console.log(error);
  })
  .then(function () {
    // always executed
  });
 
// Optionally the request above could also be done as
axios.get('/getUser', {
    params: { // 这里的参数设置为URL参数(根据URL携带参数)
      id: 12345
    }
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  })
  .then(function () {
    // always executed
  });  
 
// Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.
async function getUser() {
  try {
    const response = await axios.get('/getUser?id=12345');
    console.log(response);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  }
}

使用axios(config {...})

使用axios(config {...}) 的方式发送GET请求格式如下:

axios({
  method: 'get',
  url: '/getUser',
  params: {
    id: 12345,
  }
})
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  });

以上的get请求发送的URL均为如下:

http:HOST_IP:XXXX/getUser?id=12345

使用axios进行POST请求

同GET请求一样,使用POST也有两种请求方式。

使用axios.post

axios.post('/createUser', {
    firstName: 'Fred',
    lastName: 'Flintstone'
  })
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response);
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
  });

使用axios(config {...})

    // Send a POST request
    axios({
      method: 'post',
      url: '/createUser',
      data: { // 这里data中的参数为requestBody参数,服务端需要使用@RequestBody注解进行获取
        firstName: 'Fred',
        lastName: 'Flintstone'
      }
    }).then(function (response) {
      console.log(response);
    }).catch(function (error) {
      console.log(error);
    });

需要注意的是,在使用axios(config {})方式进行GET或POST请求发送时,GET请求中params为URL参数,POST请求中data为RequestBody参数,在服务端需要使用@RequestBody注解接收,Spring Boot能够自动解析为Java相应的对象。

同时发送多个请求

使用axios也可以一次发送多个请求:

function getUserAccount() {
  return axios.get('/user/12345');
}
 
function getUserPermissions() {
  return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
}
 
axios.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
  .then(axios.spread(function (acct, perms) {
    // Both requests are now complete
  }));

详细config对象配置项

在axios的readme文档中,有对config对象的具体配置说明,如下:

{
  // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
  url: '/user',
 
  // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
  method: 'get', // default
 
  // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
  // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
  // to methods of that instance.
  baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
 
  // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
  // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
  // The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
  // FormData or Stream
  // You may modify the headers object.
  transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data
 
    return data;
  }],
 
  // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
  // it is passed to then/catch
  transformResponse: [function (data) {
    // Do whatever you want to transform the data
 
    return data;
  }],
 
  // `headers` are custom headers to be sent
  headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
 
  // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
  // Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
  params: {
    ID: 12345
  },
 
  // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params`
  // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/)
  paramsSerializer: function (params) {
    return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'})
  },
 
  // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
  // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH'
  // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
  // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
  // - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
  // - Node only: Stream, Buffer
  data: {
    firstName: 'Fred'
  },
  
  // syntax alternative to send data into the body
  // method post
  // only the value is sent, not the key
  data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',
 
  // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
  // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
  timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)
 
  // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
  // should be made using credentials
  withCredentials: false, // default
 
  // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
  // Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md).
  adapter: function (config) {
    /* ... */
  },
 
  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  // Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
  // For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
  auth: {
    username: 'janedoe',
    password: 's00pers3cret'
  },
 
  // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
  // options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
  //   browser only: 'blob'
  responseType: 'json', // default
 
  // `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses
  // Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
  responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default
 
  // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
  xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default
 
  // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
  xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default
 
  // `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
  // browser only
  onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
  },
 
  // `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
  // browser only
  onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) {
    // Do whatever you want with the native progress event
  },
 
  // `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed
  maxContentLength: 2000,
 
  // `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
  // HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
  // or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
  // rejected.
  validateStatus: function (status) {
    return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
  },
 
  // `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
  // If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
  maxRedirects: 5, // default
 
  // `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
  // e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
  // Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
  // If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
  socketPath: null, // default
 
  // `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
  // and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
  // `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
  httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
  httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
 
  // `proxy` defines the hostname and port of the proxy server.
  // You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
  // `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
  // for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
  // variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
  // Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
  // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
  // supplies credentials.
  // This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
  // `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
  proxy: {
    host: '127.0.0.1',
    port: 9000,
    auth: {
      username: 'mikeymike',
      password: 'rapunz3l'
    }
  },
 
  // `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
  // (see Cancellation section below for details)
  cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
  })
}

axios的返回值对象response

axios在进行请求后得到的response对象格式如下:

{
  // `data` is the response that was provided by the server
  data: {},
 
  // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
  status: 200,
 
  // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
  statusText: 'OK',
 
  // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
  // All header names are lower cased and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
  // Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
  headers: {},
 
  // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
  config: {},
 
  // `request` is the request that generated this response
  // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
  // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
  request: {}
}

当在请求后使用then方法时,可以获取response对象的各个属性值,其中data即为服务端返回的相应对象:

axios.get('/user/12345')
  .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response.data);
    console.log(response.status);
    console.log(response.statusText);
    console.log(response.headers);
    console.log(response.config);
  });

axios的全局配置

在使用axios时,可以对axios对象进行全局的设置,该设置会应用于axios所在当前javascript类中的所有axios请求中,例如如下的设置:

axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';

axios的单一实例化配置

如果不需对axios进行全局设置,则可以在使用某个axios对象时,进行单一对象的设置,例如如下:

// Set config defaults when creating the instance
const instance = axios.create({
  baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
});
 
// Alter defaults after instance has been created
instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

axios拦截器的使用

可以使用axios拦截器来在发送请求之前或在响应response之前(then方法)来拦截请求并进行自定义的设置,定义request和response拦截器示例如下:

// Add a request interceptor
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
    // Do something before request is sent
    return config;
  }, function (error) {
    // Do something with request error
    return Promise.reject(error);
  });
 
// Add a response interceptor
axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
    // Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
    // Do something with response data
    return response;
  }, function (error) {
    // Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
    // Do something with response error
    return Promise.reject(error);
  });

当需要删除拦截器时,进行如下操作:

const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);

也可以将定义的拦截器添加到自定义的axios实例中:

const instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});

以上部分资料参考自axios文档,具体参见:https://github.com/axios/axios

到此这篇关于React中使用axios发送请求的几种常用方法的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关React使用axios发送请求内容请搜索极客世界以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持极客世界!


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