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前言 自从HttpClient诞生依赖,它的使用方式一直备受争议,framework版本时代产生过相当多经典的错误使用案例,包括Tcp链接耗尽、DNS更改无感知等问题。有兴趣的同学自行查找研究。在.NETCORE版本中,提供了IHttpClientFactory用来创建HttpClient以解决之前的种种问题。那么我们一起看一下它的用法。 使用方式
示例代码 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { //普通注入 serviceCollection.AddHttpClient(); //命名注入 serviceCollection.AddHttpClient(Constants.SERVICE_USERACCOUNT, (serviceProvider, c) => { var configuration = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>(); c.BaseAddress = new Uri(configuration.GetValue<string>("ServiceApiBaseAddress:UserAccountService")); }); //类型化客户端 services.AddHttpClient<TypedClientService>(); } public class AccreditationService { private IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory; private const string _officialAccreName = "manage/CommitAgencyOfficialOrder"; private const string _abandonAccUserName = "info/AbandonUserAccreditationInfo"; public AccreditationService(IHttpClientFactory clientFactory) { _httpClientFactory = clientFactory; } public async Task<string> CommitAgentOfficial(CommitAgencyOfficialOrderRequest request) { //使用factory 创建httpclient var httpClient = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient(Constants.SERVICE_ACCREDITATION); var response = await httpClient.PostAsJsonAsync(_officialAccreName, request); if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode) return string.Empty; var result = await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<AccreditationApiResponse<CommitAgencyOfficialOrderResult>>(); if (result.ReturnCode != "0") return string.Empty; return result.Data.OrderNo; } } 命名化客户端方式直接注入的是HttpClient而非HttpClientFactory public class TypedClientService { private HttpClient _httpClient; public TypedClientService(HttpClient httpClient) { _httpClient = httpClient; } } Logging 通过IHttpClientFactory创建的客户端默认记录所有请求的日志消息,并每个客户端的日志类别会包含客户端名称,例如,名为 MyNamedClient 的客户端记录类别为“System.Net.Http.HttpClient.MyNamedClient.LogicalHandler”的消息。 请求管道 同framework时代的HttpClient一样支持管道处理。需要自定义一个派生自DelegatingHandler的类,并实现SendAsync方法。例如下面的例子 public class ValidateHeaderHandler : DelegatingHandler { protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync( HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { if (!request.Headers.Contains("X-API-KEY")) { return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest) { Content = new StringContent( "You must supply an API key header called X-API-KEY") }; } return await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken); } } 在AddHttpClient的时候注入进去 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddTransient<ValidateHeaderHandler>(); services.AddHttpClient("externalservice", c => { // Assume this is an "external" service which requires an API KEY c.BaseAddress = new Uri("https://localhost:5001/"); }) .AddHttpMessageHandler<ValidateHeaderHandler>(); } 原理和生存周期 IHttpClientFactory每次调用CreateHttpClient都会返回一个全新的HttpClient实例。而负责http请求处理的核心HttpMessageHandler将会有工厂管理在一个池中,可以重复使用,以减少资源消耗。HttpMessageHandler默认生成期为两分钟。可以在每个命名客户端上重写默认值: public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddHttpClient("extendedhandlerlifetime") .SetHandlerLifetime(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)); } Polly支持 Polly是一款为.NET提供恢复能力和瞬态故障处理的库,它的各种策略应用(重试、断路器、超时、回退等)。IHttpClientFactory增加了对其的支持,它的nuget包为: Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly。注入方式如下: public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddHttpClient<UnreliableEndpointCallerService>() .AddTransientHttpErrorPolicy(p => p.WaitAndRetryAsync(3, _ => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(600))); } 更详细的结合使用请参考:https://github.com/App-vNext/Polly/wiki/Polly-and-HttpClientFactory 总结 到此这篇关于.NET CORE HttpClient使用方法的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关.NET CORE HttpClient使用内容请搜索极客世界以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持极客世界! |
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