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我们知道在NET中我们有多种对象序列化的方式,如XML方式序列化、Binary序列化,其中XML序列化是一种比较通用的在各语言之间传递数据的方式。除了这两种序列化方式之外,在NET中还可以使用JSON序列化。 JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级轻量级的数据交换格式,并且它独立于编程语言,与XML序列化相比,JSON序列化后产生的数据一般要比XML序列化后数据体积小,所以在Facebook等知名网站中都采用了JSON作为数据交换方式。在NET中有三种常用的JSON序列化的类,分别是 SystemWebScriptSerializationJavaScriptSerializer类、SystemRuntimeSerializationJsonDataContractJsonSerializer类和NewtonsoftJsonJsonConvert类。 为了便于下面的演示,下面提供一个类的代码: 复制代码 代码如下: [DataContract] publicclass User { ///<summary> /// 编号 ///</summary> [DataMember] publicint UserId { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 用户名 ///</summary> [DataMember] publicstring UserName { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 创建时间 ///</summary> [DataMember] [JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))] public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 生日 ///</summary> [DataMember] [JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))] public DateTime Birthday { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 相关URL ///</summary> [DataMember] public List<string> Urls { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 薪水 ///</summary> //[ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 //[IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 //[JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段 publicint Salary { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 权利级别 ///</summary> [DataMember] public Priority Priority { get; set; } public User() { Urls =new List<string>(); } } ///<summary> /// 权利级别 ///</summary> publicenum Priority:byte { Lowest=0x1, BelowNormal=0x2, Normal=0x4, AboveNormal=0x8, Highest=0x16 } 使用SystemWebScriptSerializationJavaScriptSerializer类 SystemWebScriptSerializationJavaScriptSerializer类是NET类库中自带的一种JSON序列化实现,在NET Framework5及以后版本中可以使用这个类,这个类位于SystemWebExtensionsdll中,使用这个类是必须添加对这个dll的引用。 下面的代码是使用JavaScriptSerializer进行序列化和反序列化的例子: 复制代码 代码如下: publicstaticvoid JavaScriptSerializerDemo() { User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityHighest, Salary =500000 }; //JavaScriptSerializer类在SystemWebExtensionsdll中,注意添加这个引用 JavaScriptSerializer serializer =new JavaScriptSerializer(); //JSON序列化 string result=serializerSerialize(user); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); //JSON反序列化 user = serializerDeserialize<User>(result); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); } 说明:如果不想序列化某个字段,可以在字段前面加[JsonIgnore]标记。 使用SystemRuntimeSerializationJsonDataContractJsonSerializer类 SystemRuntimeSerializationJsonDataContractJsonSerializer类位于SystemServiceModelWebdll中,使用这个类时除了需要添加对SystemServiceModelWebdll的引用之外,还需要添加SystemRuntimeSerializationdll的引用,注意这个类也是在NET Framework5及以后版本中可以使用。 下面是使用DataContractJsonSerializer类的例子: 复制代码 代码如下: publicstaticvoid DataContractJsonSerializerDemo() { User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityAboveNormal, Salary =50000 }; string result =stringEmpty; //DataContractJsonSerializer类在SystemServiceModelWebdll中,注意添加这个引用 DataContractJsonSerializer serializer =new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User)); using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream()) { //JSON序列化 serializerWriteObject(stream, user); result = EncodingUTFGetString(streamToArray()); ConsoleWriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); } //JSON反序列化 byte[] buffer = EncodingUTFGetBytes(result); using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream(buffer)) { user = serializerReadObject(stream) as User; ConsoleWriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId: {0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); } } 注意:要使用DataContractJsonSerializer类进行序列化和反序列化,必须给类加上[DataContract]属性,对要序列化的字段加上[DataMember]属性,如果不想序列化某个字段或者属性,可以加上[IgnoreDataMember]属性。 使用NewtonsoftJsonJsonConvert类 NewtonsoftJsonJsonConvert类是非微软提供的一个JSON序列化和反序列的开源免费的类库(下载网址是:http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/),它提供了更灵活的序列化和反序列化控制,并且如果你的开发环境使用的是NET Framework5及以后版本的话,你就可以使用Linq to JSON,这样一来面对一大段的数据不必一一解析,你可以使用Linq to JSON解析出你关心的那部分即可,非常方便。 下面是使用NewtonsoftJsonJsonConvert类的例子: 复制代码 代码如下: publicstaticvoid JsonConvertDemo() { User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityBelowNormal, Salary =5000 }; //JsonConvert类在NewtonsoftJsonNetdll中,注意到http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 //JSON序列化 string result = JsonConvertSerializeObject(user); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); //JSON反序列化 user = JsonConvertDeserializeObject<User>(result); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName: {1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); } publicstaticvoid JsonConvertLinqDemo() { User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="周公", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-32), Priority = PriorityLowest, Salary =500, Urls =new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcnblog51ctocom", "https://www.ogeek.net" } }; //JsonConvert类在NewtonsoftJsonNetdll中,注意到http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 //JSON序列化 string result = JsonConvertSerializeObject(user); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); //使用Linq to JSON JObject jobject = JObjectParse(result); JToken token = jobject["Urls"]; List<string> urlList =new List<string>(); foreach (JToken t in token) { urlListAdd(tToString()); } ConsoleWrite("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["); for (int i =0; i < urlListCount -1;i++ ) { ConsoleWrite(urlList[i] +","); } ConsoleWriteLine(urlList[urlListCount -1] +"]"); } 注意:如果有不需要序列化的字段,可以给该字段添加[JsonIgnore]标记。在Newtonsoft这个类库中对于日期的序列化有多种方式,可以类的DataTime成员添加上对应的标记,这样在进行序列化和反序列化时就会按照指定的方式进行,在本例中User类的CreateDate属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))],而Birthday属性添加的属性是[JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))],从序列化的结果可以看出来它们最终的表现形式并不一样。 本文中所有的示例代码如下: 复制代码 代码如下: using System; using SystemCollectionsGeneric; using SystemLinq; using SystemText; using SystemWebScriptSerialization; using SystemRuntimeSerializationJson; using SystemIO; using SystemRuntimeSerialization; using NewtonsoftJson; using NewtonsoftJsonLinq; using NewtonsoftJsonConverters; namespace JSONDemo { class Program { staticvoid Main(string[] args) { JavaScriptSerializerDemo(); DataContractJsonSerializerDemo(); JsonConvertDemo(); JsonConvertLinqDemo(); ConsoleReadLine(); } publicstaticvoid JavaScriptSerializerDemo() { User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30),Birthday=DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityHighest, Salary =500000 }; //JavaScriptSerializer类在SystemWebExtensionsdll中,注意添加这个引用 JavaScriptSerializer serializer =new JavaScriptSerializer(); //JSON序列化 string result=serializerSerialize(user); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); //JSON反序列化 user = serializerDeserialize<User>(result); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); } publicstaticvoid DataContractJsonSerializerDemo() { User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityAboveNormal, Salary =50000 }; string result =stringEmpty; //DataContractJsonSerializer类在SystemServiceModelWebdll中,注意添加这个引用 DataContractJsonSerializer serializer =new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(User)); using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream()) { //JSON序列化 serializerWriteObject(stream, user); result = EncodingUTFGetString(streamToArray()); ConsoleWriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); } //JSON反序列化 byte[] buffer = EncodingUTFGetBytes(result); using (MemoryStream stream =new MemoryStream(buffer)) { user = serializerReadObject(stream) as User; ConsoleWriteLine("使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); } } publicstaticvoid JsonConvertDemo() { User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="李刚", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-30), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-50), Priority = PriorityBelowNormal, Salary =5000 }; //JsonConvert类在NewtonsoftJsonNetdll中,注意到http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 //JSON序列化 string result = JsonConvertSerializeObject(user); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); //JSON反序列化 user = JsonConvertDeserializeObject<User>(result); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:{0},UserName:{1},CreateDate:{2},Priority:{3}", userUserId, userUserName, userCreateDate, userPriority); } publicstaticvoid JsonConvertLinqDemo() { User user =new User { UserId =1, UserName ="周公", CreateDate = DateTimeNowAddYears(-8), Birthday = DateTimeNowAddYears(-32), Priority = PriorityLowest, Salary =500, Urls =new List<string> { "http://zhoufoxcnblog51ctocom", "https://www.ogeek.net" } }; //JsonConvert类在NewtonsoftJsonNetdll中,注意到http://wwwcodeplexcom/json/下载这个dll并添加这个引用 //JSON序列化 string result = JsonConvertSerializeObject(user); ConsoleWriteLine("使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{0},长度:{1}", result, resultLength); //使用Linq to JSON JObject jobject = JObjectParse(result); JToken token = jobject["Urls"]; List<string> urlList =new List<string>(); foreach (JToken t in token) { urlListAdd(tToString()); } ConsoleWrite("使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["); for (int i =0; i < urlListCount -1;i++ ) { ConsoleWrite(urlList[i] +","); } ConsoleWriteLine(urlList[urlListCount -1] +"]"); } } [DataContract] publicclass User { ///<summary> /// 编号 ///</summary> [DataMember] publicint UserId { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 用户名 ///</summary> [DataMember] publicstring UserName { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 创建时间 ///</summary> [DataMember] [JsonConverter(typeof(IsoDateTimeConverter))] public DateTime CreateDate { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 生日 ///</summary> [DataMember] [JsonConverter(typeof(JavaScriptDateTimeConverter))] public DateTime Birthday { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 相关URL ///</summary> [DataMember] public List<string> Urls { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 薪水 ///</summary> [ScriptIgnore]//使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 [IgnoreDataMember]//使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化时不序列化此字段 [JsonIgnore]//使用JsonConvert序列化时不序列化此字段 publicint Salary { get; set; } ///<summary> /// 权利级别 ///</summary> [DataMember] public Priority Priority { get; set; } public User() { Urls =new List<string>(); } } ///<summary> /// 权利级别 ///</summary> publicenum Priority:byte { Lowest=0x1, BelowNormal=0x2, Normal=0x4, AboveNormal=0x8, Highest=0x16 } } 程序的运行结果如下: 1.使用JavaScriptSerializer序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"\/Date(353521211984)\/","Birthday":"\/Date(-277630788015)\/","Urls":[],"Priority":22},长度:127 2.使用JavaScriptSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-15 16:20:11,Priority:Highest 3.使用DataContractJsonSerializer序列化后的结果:{"Birthday":"\/Date(-277630787953+0800)\/","CreateDate":"\/Date(353521212046+0800)\/","Priority":8,"Urls":[],"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚"},长度:136 4.使用DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:AboveNormal 5.使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"李刚","CreateDate":"1981-03-16T00:20:12.1875+08:00","Birthday":new Date(-277630787812),"Urls":[],"Priority":2},长度:132 6.使用JsonConvert反序列化后的结果:UserId:1,UserName:李刚,CreateDate:1981-3-16 0:20:12,Priority:BelowNormal 7.使用JsonConvert序列化后的结果:{"UserId":1,"UserName":"周公","CreateDate":"2003-03-16T00:20:12.40625+08:00","Birthday":new Date(290362812406),"Urls":["http://office.ogeek.net","https://www.ogeek.net/web"],"Priority":1},长度:198 8.使用Linq to JSON反序列化后的结果:["http://office.ogeek.net",https://www.ogeek.net/web] 总结:通过上面的例子大家可以看出Newtonsoft类库提供的JSON序列化和反序列的方式更加灵活,在实际开发中周公也一直使用Newtonsoft作为JSON序列化和反序列化的不二选择。 |
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