--简单Case函数
CASE sex
WHEN '1' THEN '男'
WHEN '2' THEN '女'
ELSE '其他' END
--Case搜索函数
CASE WHEN sex = '1' THEN '男'
WHEN sex = '2' THEN '女'
ELSE '其他' END

--比如说，下面这段SQL，你永远无法得到“第二类”这个结果
CASE WHEN col_1 IN ( 'a', 'b') THEN '第一类'
WHEN col_1 IN ('a') THEN '第二类'
ELSE'其他' END

SELECT SUM(population),
CASE country
WHEN '中国' THEN '亚洲'
WHEN '印度' THEN '亚洲'
WHEN '日本' THEN '亚洲'
WHEN '美国' THEN '北美洲'
WHEN '加拿大' THEN '北美洲'
WHEN '墨西哥' THEN '北美洲'
ELSE '其他' END
FROM Table_A
GROUP BY CASE country
WHEN '中国' THEN '亚洲'
WHEN '印度' THEN '亚洲'
WHEN '日本' THEN '亚洲'
WHEN '美国' THEN '北美洲'
WHEN '加拿大' THEN '北美洲'
WHEN '墨西哥' THEN '北美洲'
ELSE '其他' END;

SELECT
CASE WHEN salary <= 500 THEN '1'
WHEN salary > 500 AND salary <= 600 THEN '2'
WHEN salary > 600 AND salary <= 800 THEN '3'
WHEN salary > 800 AND salary <= 1000 THEN '4'
ELSE NULL END salary_class,
COUNT(*)
FROM Table_A
GROUP BY
CASE WHEN salary <= 500 THEN '1'
WHEN salary > 500 AND salary <= 600 THEN '2'
WHEN salary > 600 AND salary <= 800 THEN '3'
WHEN salary > 800 AND salary <= 1000 THEN '4'
ELSE NULL END;

SELECT country,
SUM( CASE WHEN sex = '1' THEN
population ELSE 0 END), --男性人口
SUM( CASE WHEN sex = '2' THEN
population ELSE 0 END) --女性人口
FROM Table_A
GROUP BY country;

CONSTRAINT check_salary CHECK
( CASE WHEN sex = '2'
THEN CASE WHEN salary > 1000
THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
ELSE 1 END = 1 )

CONSTRAINT check_salary CHECK
( sex = '2' AND salary > 1000 )