MyBatis实践之动态SQL及关联查询

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序言

MyBatis,大家都知道，半自动的ORM框架，原来叫ibatis，后来好像是10年apache软件基金组织把它托管给了goole code，就重新命名了MyBatis，功能相对以前更强大了。它相对全自动的持久层框架Hibernate，更加灵活，更轻量级，这点我还是深有体会的。

MyBatis的一个强大特性之一就是动态SQL能力了，能省去我们很多串联判断拼接SQL的痛苦，根据项目而定，在一定的场合下使用，能大大减少程序的代码量和复杂程度，不过还是不是过度太过复杂的使用，以免不利于后期的维护和扩展。

动态SQL

动态SQL提供了对SQL语句的灵活操作,通过表达式进行判断,对SQL进行拼接/组装.

对查询条件进行判断,如果输入参数不为空才进行查询条件的拼接.

mapper

<code class=" hljs vbnet"><select id="selectUser" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User" parametertype="com.fq.domain.User">
SELECT * FROM user
AND id = #{id}
AND name = #{name}
AND password = #{password}
</select></code>

会自动处理第一个AND(MyBatis还提供了自定义行为的元素, 详细可参考MyBatis文档).

UserDAO

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php">List<user> selectUser(User user) throws Exception;</user></code></code>

Client

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java">@Test
public void selectUserClient() throws Exception {
UserDAO dao = session.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
User user = dao.selectUser(new User(null, null, "new_password"));
System.out.println(user);
}</code></code></code>

由于id与name为null, 因此这两个条件不会拼接在SQL中,这一点可以调试时日志中看出.

choose/when/otherwise

有些时候,我们并不想用到所有的条件语句,而只想从中选择一二.针对这种情况,MyBatis提供了元素,他有点像Java中的switch.

<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><select id="selectUser" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User" parametertype="com.fq.domain.User">
SELECT * FROM user
AND id = #{id}
AND name = #{name}
AND password = #{password}
</select></code></code></code></code>

set

用于动态更新语句的解决方案为,set元素可以被用于动态包含需要更新的列, 而舍去其他的.

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><update id="updateUserById" parametertype="com.fq.domain.User">
UPDATE user
<set>
<if test="name != null">
name = #{name} ,
</if>
<if test="password != null">
password = #{password} ,
</if>
</set>
WHERE id = #{id};
</update></code></code></code></code></code>

foreach

使用foreach可以实现向SQL中传递数组或List:

传入List

查询多个id的用户信息, 可以由下面两种SQL实现:

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql">SELECT * FROM user WHERE (id = ? OR id = ? OR id = ?);
SELECT * FROM user WHERE id IN (?, ?, ?, ?);</code></code></code></code></code></code>

因此其foreach的定义也有如下两种方案:

<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><select id="selectUser" parametertype="java.util.List" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User">
SELECT *
FROM user
id = #{id}
</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs cs"><select id="selectUser" parametertype="java.util.List" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User">
SELECT *
FROM user
#{id}
</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

元素描述

collection SQL解析的参数名
index 循环下标
item 单个元素的名
open 循环开始输出
close 循环结束输出
separator 中间分隔输出

传递List作为parameterType时,SQL解析参数名固定为list.

UserDAO

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica">List<user> selectUser(List<integer> ids) throws Exception;</integer></user></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

批量插入用户案例

mapper

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><insert id="insertUserList" parametertype="java.util.List">
INSERT INTO user(name, password) VALUES
<if test="list != null and list.size != 0">
<foreach collection="list" item="user" separator=",">
(#{user.name}, #{user.password})
</foreach>
</if>
</insert></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

UserDAO

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java">void insertUserList(List<user> users) throws Exception;</user></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

Client

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java">@Test
public void insertUserListClient() throws Exception {
UserDAO dao = session.getMapper(UserDAO.class);
dao.insertUserList(Lists.newArrayList(new User(null, "mojia5", "mojia5"), new User(null, "mojia6", "mojia6"), new User(null, "mojia7", "mojia7")));
}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

传入数组

mapper

<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs cs"><select id="selectUser" parametertype="Object[]" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User">
SELECT *
FROM user
#{id}
</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

与List类似,传递数组作为parameterType时,SQL解析参数名固定为array.

UserDAO

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica">List<user> selectUser(Integer[] ids) throws Exception;</user></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

SQL片段

可以将一段公共的SQL语句抽取出来, 作为一个SQL片段, 供其他SQL调用:

<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><sql id="user_where">
<if test="id != null">
AND id = #{id}
</if>
<if test="name != null">
AND name = #{name}
</if>
<if test="password != null">
AND password = #{password}
</if>
</sql>
<select id="selectUser" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User" parametertype="com.fq.domain.User">
SELECT * FROM user
</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

经验:最好基于单表定义SQL片段,而且在SQL片段中不要包含/之类的标签,这样可以保证SQL片段重用度更高.

关联查询

数据模型分析思路

每张表的数据内容:分模块对每张表记录的内容进行熟悉,相当于学习系统需求/功能. 每张表重要的字段:非空字段/外键字段等. 表与表之间的数据库级别关系: 外键关系. 表与表之间的业务关系:建立在某个业务的基础上去分析.

订单/商品数据模型

表内容

user: 购买商品的用户信息 order: 用户创建的订单 orderdetail: 订单详细(购买商品信息) item: 商品信息表与表之间的业务关系:

user/order:
user -> order: 一对多 order -> user: 一对一 order/orderdetail:
order -> orderdetail:一对多 orderdetail -> order:一对一 orderdetail/item:
orderdetail -> item:一对一 item -> orderdetail:一对多

‘一对一'查询

需求: 查询订单信息,关联查询(创建订单的)用户信息.

由以上分析可知主查询为order表,而order -> user关系为一对一, 因此使用resultMap将查询结果的订单信息映射到Order中,将用户信息映射到Order中的User属性.

PO: 改造User

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs java">public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private Date birthday;
private Integer sex;
private String address;
// ..
}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

PO: 新增Order, 将User组合到Order中:

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java">public class Order implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private Integer userId;
private String number;
private Date createTime;
private String note;
private User user;
// ...
}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

mapper

<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs sql"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs xml"><!--{cke_protected}{C}%3C!%2D%2D%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20%3F%2D%2D%3E-->
<mapper namespace="com.fq.mybatis.OrderDAO">
<cache type="org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache">
<resultmap id="order_user_map" type="com.fq.domain.Order">
<id column="id" property="id">
<result column="user_id" property="userId">
<result column="number" property="number">
<result column="create_time" property="createTime">
<result column="note" property="note">
<association property="user" javatype="com.fq.domain.User">
<id column="user_id" property="id">
<result column="username" property="username">
<result column="birthday" property="birthday">
<result column="sex" property="sex">
<result column="address" property="address">
</result></result></result></result></id></association>
</result></result></result></result></id></resultmap>
<select id="selectOrderWithUser" resultmap="order_user_map">
SELECT
`order`.*,
username,
birthday,
sex,
address
FROM `order`, user
WHERE `order`.user_id = user.id AND `order`.id = #{0};
</select>
</cache></mapper></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>
association: 映射关联查询的单条记录(将关联查询信息映射到PO对象属性).

OrderDAO

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs cs">public interface OrderDAO {
Order selectOrderWithUser(Integer id) throws Exception;
}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

Client

<code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs sql"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs java">@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml")
public class OrderDAOClient {
@Autowired
private OrderDAO dao;
@Test
public void client() throws Exception {
Order order = dao.selectOrderWithUser(3);
System.out.println(order);
}
}</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

‘一对多'查询

需求: 查询订单及订单明细的信息(一对多).

PO: 定义OrderDetail,并在Order中添加List orderDetails订单明细属性:

<code class="hljs java">public class OrderDetail implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private Integer orderId;
private Integer itemId;
private Integer itemNumber;
// ...
}</code>

mapper

<code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><resultmap id="order_user_detail_map" type="com.fq.domain.Order" extends="order_user_map">
<collection property="orderDetails" oftype="com.fq.domain.OrderDetail">
<id column="order_detail_id" property="id">
<result column="item_id" property="itemId">
<result column="item_num" property="itemNumber">
<result column="order_id" property="orderId">
</result></result></result></id></collection>
</resultmap>
<select id="selectOrderWithDetail" resultmap="order_user_detail_map">
SELECT
`order`.*,
username,
birthday,
sex,
address,
orderdetail.id order_detail_id,
item_id,
item_num,
order_id
FROM `order`, user, orderdetail
WHERE `order`.user_id = user.id AND `order`.id = orderdetail.order_id AND `order`.id = #{0};
</select></code></code>

元素描述

property 指定关联查询的结果集存储到的属性

ofType 指定关联查询结果集中的对象类型OrderDAO

<code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica">Order selectOrderWithDetail(Integer id) throws Exception;</code></code></code>

‘多对多'查询

需求: 查询用户及用户购买商品信息.

由于User表与Item表没有直接关联,因此只能通过Order表与OrderDetail表进行关联.

思路:

1) 将用户信息映射到User中.
2) 在User中添加List订单列表属性,将用户创建的订单映射到orders.
3) 在Order中添加List订单明细列表属性,将订单的明细映射到orderDetails.
4) 在OrderDetail中添加Item属性,将订单明细所对应的商品映射到item.

PO: Item

<code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs cs">public class Item {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Float price;
private String detail;
private String pic;
private Date createTime;
//...
}</code></code></code></code>

mapper

<code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs applescript"><resultmap id="user_item_map" type="com.fq.domain.User">
<id column="id" property="id">
<result column="username" property="username">
<result column="birthday" property="birthday">
<result column="sex" property="sex">
<result column="address" property="address">
<collection property="orders" oftype="com.fq.domain.Order">
<id column="order_id" property="id">
<result column="id" property="userId">
<result column="order_create_time" property="createTime">
<result column="order_note" property="note">
<result column="order_number" property="number">
<collection property="orderDetails" oftype="com.fq.domain.OrderDetail">
<id column="order_detail_id" property="id">
<result column="order_id" property="orderId">
<result column="item_id" property="itemId">
<result column="order_item_num" property="itemNumber">
<association property="item" javatype="com.fq.domain.Item">
<id column="item_id" property="id">
<result column="item_create_time" property="createTime">
<result column="item_detail" property="detail">
<result column="item_name" property="name">
<result column="item_price" property="price">
<result column="item_pic" property="pic">
</result></result></result></result></result></id></association>
</result></result></result></id></collection>
</result></result></result></result></id></collection>
</result></result></result></result></id></resultmap>
<select id="selectUserItem" resultmap="user_item_map">
SELECT
user.*,
`order`.id order_id,
`order`.create_time order_create_time,
`order`.note order_note,
`order`.number order_number,
orderdetail.id order_detail_id,
orderdetail.item_num order_item_num,
item.id item_id,
item.create_time item_create_time,
item.detail item_detail,
item.name item_name,
item.price item_price,
item.pic item_pic
FROM user, item, `order`, orderdetail
WHERE `order`.user_id = user.id AND orderdetail.order_id = `order`.id AND orderdetail.item_id = item.id ;
</select></code></code></code></code></code>

OrderDAO

<code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet">
<code class="hljs mathematica">
<code class="hljs cs">
<code class="hljs applescript">
<code class="hljs php">List<user> selectUserItem() throws Exception;</user>
</code></code></code></code></code></code>

resultMap小结:

使用和可以完成一对一和一对多的高级映射.

association: 将关联查询信息映射到一个PO对象中. collection: 将关联查询信息映射到一个集合中.

延迟加载

关联查询时,使用MyBatis 延迟加载特性可有效减轻数据库压力.首次查询只查询主表信息,等需要时再去查询关联表信息.的/具备延迟加载功能.

需求: 查询订单信息并关联查询用户信息.

延迟加载开关

在MyBatis核心配置文件(mybatis-configuration.xml)中配置:

1) lazyLoadingEnabled : 设置是否懒加载.默认false,则所有关联查询都会被初始化加载.

2) aggressiveLazyLoading : 设置是否积极加载. 默认true,所有关联属性被初始化加载.

Settings配置:

<code class=" hljs java">
<code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs mathematica">
<code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs php">
<code class=" hljs xml"><settings>
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true">
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true">
<setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="false">
</setting></setting></setting></settings></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

Mapper

只查询订单信息

<code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs applescript"><resultmap id="order_user_map" type="com.fq.domain.Order">
<id column="id" property="id">
<result column="user_id" property="userId">
<result column="number" property="number">
<result column="create_time" property="createTime">
<result column="note" property="note">
<association property="user" javatype="com.fq.domain.User" select="com.fq.mybatis.UserDAO.selectUserById" column="user_id">
</association></result></result></result></result></id></resultmap>
<select id="selectOrderWithUser" resultmap="order_user_map">
SELECT *
FROM `order`;
</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

元素描述

select 指定关联查询Statement为com.fq.mybatis.UserDAO.selectUserById.

column 指定关联查询时将users_id值传入selectUserById.关联查询用户信息(namespace为com.fq.mybatis.UserDAO)

<code class=" hljs java"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><code class=" hljs mathematica"><code class=" hljs cs"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs php"><code class=" hljs xml"><code class=" hljs applescript"><code class=" hljs vbnet"><select id="selectUserById" parametertype="java.lang.Integer" resulttype="com.fq.domain.User">
SELECT *
FROM user
WHERE id = #{id};
</select></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

将上面查询到的订单信息中的user_id传入selectUserById来关联查询用户信息.

OrderDAO(同前)

<code class="hljs java">
<code class="hljs vbnet">
<code class="hljs mathematica">
<code class="hljs cs">
<code class="hljs applescript">
<code class="hljs php">
<code class="hljs xml">
<code class="hljs applescript">
<code class="hljs vbnet">
<code class="hljs mathematica">List<order> selectOrderWithUser() throws Exception;</order>
</code>
</code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

Client

<code class="hljs java"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs cs"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs php"><code class="hljs xml"><code class="hljs applescript"><code class="hljs vbnet"><code class="hljs mathematica"><code class="hljs java">@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml")
public class OrderDAOClient {
@Autowired
private OrderDAO dao;
@Test
public void client() throws Exception {
List<order> orders = dao.selectOrderWithUser();
for (Order order : orders) {
System.out.println(order.getUser());
}
}
}</order></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code></code>

debug上面Client, 观察log信息,会发现只有当确实需要User信息时才会调用selectUserById.

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的mybatis实践之动态sql及关联查询，希望对大家以上帮助！