客服电话
APP下载
迪恩网络APP
随时随地掌握行业动态
官方微信
扫描二维码
关注迪恩网络微信公众号
|
创建用户定义函数，它是返回值的已保存的 Transact-SQL 例程。用户定义函数不能用于执行一组修改全局数据库状态的操作。与系统函数一样，用户定义函数可以从查询中唤醒调用。也可以像存储过程一样，通过 EXECUTE 语句执行。
CREATE FUNCTION [ owner_name.] function_name
( [ { @parameter_name [AS] scalar_parameter_data_type [ = default ] } [ ,...n ] ] )
RETURNS scalar_return_data_type
[ WITH < function_option> [ [,] ...n] ]
[ AS ]
BEGIN
function_body
RETURN scalar_expression
END
CREATE FUNCTION [ owner_name.] function_name
( [ { @parameter_name [AS] scalar_parameter_data_type [ = default ] } [ ,...n ] ] )
RETURNS TABLE
[ WITH < function_option > [ [,] ...n ] ]
[ AS ]
RETURN [ ( ] select-stmt [ ) ]
多语句表值函数
CREATE FUNCTION [ owner_name.] function_name
( [ { @parameter_name [AS] scalar_parameter_data_type [ = default ] } [ ,...n ] ] )
RETURNS @return_variable TABLE < table_type_definition >
[ WITH < function_option > [ [,] ...n ] ]
[ AS ]
BEGIN
function_body
RETURN
END
< function_option > ::=
{ ENCRYPTION | SCHEMABINDING }
< table_type_definition > ::=
( { column_definition | table_constraint } [ ,...n ] )
参数
尽管在用户定义函数主体中不允许有不确定函数，这些用户定义函数在调用扩展存储过程时仍会产生副作用。 CREATE FUNCTION ISOweek (@DATE datetime) RETURNS int AS BEGIN DECLARE @ISOweek int SET @ISOweek= DATEPART(wk,@DATE)+1 -DATEPART(wk,CAST(DATEPART(yy,@DATE) as CHAR(4))+'0104') --Special cases: Jan 1-3 may belong to the previous year IF (@ISOweek=0) SET @ISOweek=dbo.ISOweek(CAST(DATEPART(yy,@DATE)-1 AS CHAR(4))+'12'+ CAST(24+DATEPART(DAY,@DATE) AS CHAR(2)))+1 --Special case: Dec 29-31 may belong to the next year IF ((DATEPART(mm,@DATE)=12) AND ((DATEPART(dd,@DATE)-DATEPART(dw,@DATE))>= 28)) SET @ISOweek=1 RETURN(@ISOweek) END 下面是函数调用。注意 DATEFIRST 设置为 1。 USE pubs GO CREATE FUNCTION SalesByStore (@storeid varchar(30)) RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN (SELECT title, qty FROM sales s, titles t WHERE s.stor_id = @storeid and t.title_id = s.title_id) C. 多语句表值函数 CREATE TABLE employees (empid nchar(5) PRIMARY KEY, empname nvarchar(50), mgrid nchar(5) REFERENCES employees(empid), title nvarchar(30) ) 表值函数 fn_FindReports(InEmpID) 有一个给定的职员ID，它返回与所有直接或间接向给定职员报告的职员相对应的表。该逻辑无法在单个查询中表现出来，不过可以实现为用户定义函数。
CREATE FUNCTION fn_FindReports (@InEmpId nchar(5))
RETURNS @retFindReports TABLE (empid nchar(5) primary key,
empname nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
mgrid nchar(5),
title nvarchar(30))
/*Returns a result set that lists all the employees who report to given
employee directly or indirectly.*/
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @RowsAdded int
-- table variable to hold accumulated results
DECLARE @reports TABLE (empid nchar(5) primary key,
empname nvarchar(50) NOT NULL,
mgrid nchar(5),
title nvarchar(30),
processed tinyint default 0)
-- initialize @Reports with direct reports of the given employee
INSERT @reports
SELECT empid, empname, mgrid, title, 0
FROM employees
WHERE empid = @InEmpId
SET @RowsAdded = @@rowcount
-- While new employees were added in the previous iteration
WHILE @RowsAdded > 0
BEGIN
/*Mark all employee records whose direct reports are going to be
found in this iteration with processed=1.*/
UPDATE @reports
SET processed = 1
WHERE processed = 0
-- Insert employees who report to employees marked 1.
INSERT @reports
SELECT e.empid, e.empname, e.mgrid, e.title, 0
FROM employees e, @reports r
WHERE e.mgrid=r.empid and e.mgrid <> e.empid and r.processed = 1
SET @RowsAdded = @@rowcount
/*Mark all employee records whose direct reports have been found
in this iteration.*/
UPDATE @reports
SET processed = 2
WHERE processed = 1
END
-- copy to the result of the function the required columns
INSERT @retFindReports
SELECT empid, empname, mgrid, title
FROM @reports
RETURN
END
GO
-- Example invocation
SELECT *
FROM fn_FindReports('11234')
GO
|
请发表评论