MySQL自定义函数和存储过程示例详解

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前言

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1、前置条件

MySQL数据库中存在表user_info，其结构和数据如下：

mysql> desc user_info;
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| passwd | char(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| email | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| phone | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| role | char(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | char(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| status | int(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| createAt | datetime | NO | | NULL | |
| exprAt | datetime | NO | | NULL | |
| validDays | int(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| delAt | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
12 rows in set (0.10 sec)

mysql> select * from user_info;
+----+--------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------+------+--------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------+-------+
| id | name  | passwd | email | phone | role | sex | status | createAt  | exprAt  | validDays | delAt |
+----+--------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------+------+--------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------+-------+
| 1 | StephenWang7 | py123456 | [email protected] | 15103887470 | admin | male | 200 | 2019-04-12 20:11:30 | 2019-04-19 20:11:30 | 30 | NULL |
| 2 | StephenWang8 | 123456 | [email protected] | 15103887470 | viewer | male | 200 | 2019-04-12 20:11:30 | 2019-04-19 20:11:30 | 30 | NULL |
+----+--------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------+------+--------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、自定义函数

函数：可以完成特定功能的一段SQL集合。MySQL支持自定义函数来完成特定的业务功能。

创建自定义函数（User Defined Function 简称UDF）的语法如下：

create function <函数名称> （[参数1] [类型1], [参数N] [类型N]）
returns <类型>
return
<函数主体>

调用UDF的语法如下：

select <函数名称> ([参数])

创建无参的UDF

示例1：查询user_info表中有多少条记录

#定义函数
mysql> create function user_info_count()
 -> returns int(10)
 -> return
 -> (select count(*) from user_info);

调用函数user_info_count()

mysql> select user_info_count();
+-------------------+
| user_info_count() |
+-------------------+
|   2 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

创建有参UDF

示例2：根据id查询用户name。

#定义函数
mysql> create function queryNameById(uid int(10))
 -> returns char(20)
 -> return
 -> (select name from user_info where id=uid);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

调用函数，查询id为1的用户名称。

mysql> select queryNameById(1);
+------------------+
| queryNameById(1) |
+------------------+
| StephenWang7 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看UDF

查询系统中所有的UDF

show function status;

查询指定的UDF

#
show create function 函数名称;
mysql> show function queryNameById;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'queryNameById' at line 1
mysql> show function queryNameById();
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'queryNameById()' at line 1
mysql> show create function queryNameById();
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '()' at line 1
mysql> show create function queryNameById;
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| Function | sql_mode                 | Create Function                  | character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
| queryNameById | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` FUNCTION `queryNameById`(uid int(10)) RETURNS char(20) CHARSET latin1
return (select name from user_info where id=uid) | utf8   | utf8_general_ci | latin1_swedish_ci |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec

修改UDF

如果想要修改函数的内容，先删除后再重新创建。

删除UDF

删除UDF语法如下：

drop function <函数名称>;

示例3：删除函数queryNameId后再次调用并观察现象。

mysql> drop function queryNameById;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.45 sec)

mysql> select queryNameById(1);
ERROR 1305 (42000): FUNCTION rms.queryNameById does not exist
mysql>

3、存储过程

存储功能和自定义函数相似，也是一组完成特定功能的SQL语句集合。把复杂或频繁调用的SQL提前写好并指定一个名称。待到要使用时，直接调用即可。

定义存储过程的语法如下：

CREATE PROCEDURE <过程名> ( [过程参数[,…] ] ) <过程体>
[过程参数[,…] ] 格式
[ IN | OUT | INOUT ] <参数名> <类型>
#语法定义来自：http://c.biancheng.net/view/2593.html

创建无参的存储过程

示例4：查询用户name。

mysql> DELIMITER //
mysql> craete procedure queryName()
 -> begin
 -> select name from user_info;
 -> end //

关于DELIMITER命令，修改MySQL结束命令的字符。默认的结束命令字符为分号，当存储过程中包含多条语句时，遇到第一个分号会作为存储过程结束的标志。这样不符合预期，因此需要修改默认结束命令字符。 DELIMITER //就是将结束命令字符修改为//。调用存储过程的命令为：call 存储过程名称。

#此时的命令的结束符号为// 不是;
mysql> call queryName()//
+--------------+
| name   |
+--------------+
| StephenWang7 |
| StephenWang8 |
+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

创建带参数的存储过程

示例5：根据id查询name。

mysql> create procedure queryNameById
 -> (In uid int(15))
 -> begin
 -> select name from user_info where id=uid;
 -> end
 -> //
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

调用存储过程queryNameById

mysql> call queryNameById(1);
 -> //
+--------------+
| name   |
+--------------+
| StephenWang7 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

修改存储过程

如果想创建存储过程的内容可以先删除再重新创建存储过程。

查看存储过程

show create procedure <过程名称>

mysql> show create procedure queryNameById; -> // +---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | Procedure | sql_mode | Create Procedure | character_set_client | collation_connection | Database Collation | +---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ | queryNameById | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `queryNameById`(In uid int(15)) begin select name from user_info where id=uid; end | utf8 | utf8_general_ci | latin1_swedish_ci | +---------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.04 sec)

删除存储过程

drop procedure <过程名称>

删除存储过程queryNameById

mysql> drop procedure queryNameById//
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)


mysql> call queryNameById(1)//
ERROR 1305 (42000): PROCEDURE rms.queryNameById does not exist

4、总结

自定义函数和存储过程都是完成特定功能的SQL集合，那么他们有什么不同呢？

a、调用方式不同