CentOS7版本安装Mysql8.0.20版本数据库的详细教程

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相关阅读：

MySQL8.0.20安装教程及其安装问题详细教程 https://www.ogeek.net/article/186202.htm

mysql8.0.20下载安装及遇到的问题(图文详解) https://www.ogeek.net/article/186208.htm

CentOS7安装Mysql8.0.20步骤：

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-20.html

官网下载有时速度比较慢，直接点击链接也可以下载：mysql 8.0.20

官网下载8.0.20Mysql包（bundle版本）

1.创建mysql文件夹：

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

将下载的mysql包放在创建的MySQL文件夹内：

[root@localhost mysql]# ll
总用量 815000
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 834560000 5月 13 10:44 mysql-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

mysql的安装版MD5码查看是否和官网上的相对应：

[root@localhost mysql]# md5sum mysql-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 
c8d062c1f74d9aab7dbdd5300b202b6e mysql-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

将mysql的包解压得到几个内安装包：

[root@localhost mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 
mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
总用量 1630004
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 834560000 5月 13 10:44 mysql-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 48822048 3月 27 20:14 mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 623508 3月 27 20:14 mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 8129988 3月 27 20:14 mysql-community-devel-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 23599996 3月 27 20:14 mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 4667884 3月 27 20:14 mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 1277128 3月 27 20:14 mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 512057468 3月 27 20:15 mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 235369940 3月 27 20:16 mysql-community-test-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

依次安装顺序时common，libs，libs-compat，client，server：

警告：mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID ********: NOKEY
准备中...  ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
 1:mysql-community-common-8.0.20-1.e################################# [100%]
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID ********: NOKEY
准备中...  ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
 1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.20-1.el7################################# [100%]
警告：mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID ********: NOKEY
准备中...  ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
 1:mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.2################################# [100%]
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID ********: NOKEY
准备中...  ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
 1:mysql-community-client-8.0.20-1.e################################# [100%]
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID ********: NOKEY
准备中...  ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
 1:mysql-community-server-8.0.20-1.e################################# [100%]

编辑一下/etc/my.cnf文件：
在最下面增加一行：

lower_case_table_names=1

initialize初始化：

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqld --initialize
[root@localhost mysql]#

更改一下权限：

[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ll /var/lib/
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 32 5月 13 10:07 AccountsService
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 3 2017 alsa
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 274 5月 13 10:14 alternatives
drwx------. 3 root root 18 5月 13 10:17 authconfig
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 3 2017 bluetooth
drwxr-xr-x. 2 chrony chrony 6 8月 4 2017 chrony
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 5月 13 10:06 color
drwxr-xr-x. 4 colord colord 67 5月 13 10:23 colord
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 7 2016 dbus
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 4 2017 dhclient
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 3 2017 dnsmasq
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 5月 13 10:24 flatpak
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 6月 24 2014 fprint
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 games
drwxrwx--T. 5 gdm gdm 70 5月 13 10:23 gdm
drwxr-xr-x. 2 geoclue geoclue 6 8月 2 2017 geoclue
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 55 5月 13 02:22 gssproxy
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 2 2017 hyperv
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 5 2017 initramfs
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 90 5月 13 10:07 iscsi
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 93 5月 13 10:08 libvirt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 6 2016 lldpad
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 8月 2 2017 logrotate
drwx------. 2 root root 6 5月 13 10:06 machines
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 37 5月 13 02:22 misc
drwxr-x---. 2 root slocate 6 11月 5 2016 mlocate
drwxr-x--x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 5月 13 11:05 mysql

启动mysql服务看一下服务状态，看Active这一行的状态：

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld.service 
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld.service 
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
 Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
 Active: active (running) since 三 2020-05-13 11:09:35 CST; 8s ago
 Docs: man:mysqld(8)
 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
 Process: 16795 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 16829 (mysqld)
 Status: "Server is operational"
 CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
 └─16829 /usr/sbin/mysqld

5月 13 11:09:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
5月 13 11:09:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@localhost mysql]#

查看数据库初始的密码：

[root@localhost mysql]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2020-05-13T03:05:16.041238Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] 
[Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: n_t#tk.Z?7)f

使用初始密码登陆数据库：后更改密码：

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.20

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
mysql> ALTER user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> SELECT VERSION;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'VERSION' in 'field list'
mysql> SELECT VERSION();
+-----------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.20 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

到此可以正常登陆数据库了，可以自行查找开启远程方式。

总结

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