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本文主要给大家介绍了MongoDB数据查询的相关内容,对大家具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友们一起来学习学习吧。 导入测试数据 在开始之前我们应该先准备数据方便演示,这里我插入的了几条数据,数据如下: db.user.insertMany( [{ name:'jack', age:22, sex:'Man', tags:['python','c++','c'], grades:[22,33,44,55], school:{ name:'shida', city:'xuzhou' } },{ name:'jhon', age:33, sex:null, tags:['python','java'], grades:[66,22,44,88], school:{ name:'kuangda', city:'xuzhou' } }, { name:'xiaoming', age:33, tags:['python','java'], grades:[66,22,44,88], school:{ name:'kuangda', city:'xuzhou' } } ] ) find() 其中query表示查找的条件,相当于mysql中where子句,projection列出你想要查找的数据,格式为 实例: 下面不带参数的查找,将会查找出所有的结果 db.find().pretty(); //输出结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59056f81299fe049404b2899"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "tags" : [ "python", "c++", "c" ], "grades" : [ 22, 33, 44, 55 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } 下面找出满足name为jack的数据,并且只输出name,age,这里的_id是默认输出的,如果不想输出将将它设置为0,想要输出那个字段将它设置为1 db.user.find({name:'jack'},{name:1,age:1}) //输出结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59056f81299fe049404b2899"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22 } db.user.find({name:'jack'},{name:1,age:1,_id:0}) //输出结果 {"name" : "jack", "age" : 22 } **注意:这里的一个 projection不能 同时 指定包括和排除字段,除了排除 _id字段。 在 显式包括 字段的映射中,_id 字段是唯一一个您可以 显式排除 的。 查询内嵌文档 上述例子中插入的school数据就表示内嵌文档 完全匹配查询 完全匹配查询表示school中的查询数组必须和插入的数组完全一样,顺序都必须一样才能查找出来 db.user.find({name:'jack',school:{name:'shida',city:'xuzhou'}}); //输出结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59056f81299fe049404b2899"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "tags" : [ "python", "c++", "c" ], "grades" : [ 22, 33, 44, 55 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } //下面是指定输出的字段,这里的school.name表示只输出school文档中name字段,必须加引号 db.user.find({name:'jack',school:{name:'shida',city:'xuzhou'}},{name:1,age:1,'school.name':1}); //输出结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59056f81299fe049404b2899"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "school" : { "name" : "shida" } } 键值对查询 可以通过键值对查询,不用考虑顺序,比如 db.user.find({'school.name':'shida'},{name:1,school:1}); //输出结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59056f81299fe049404b2899"), "name" : "jack", "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } 查询操作符 下面我们将配合查询操作符来执行复杂的查询操作,比如元素查询、 逻辑查询 、比较查询操作。我们使用下面的比较操作符"$gt" 、"$gte"、 "$lt"、 "$lte"(分别对应">"、 ">=" 、"<" 、"<=") 实例 下面查询年龄在20-30之间的信息 db.user.find({ age:{$gt:20,$lt:30} }) //输出 { "_id" : ObjectId("59056f81299fe049404b2899"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "tags" : [ "python", "c++", "c" ], "grades" : [ 22, 33, 44, 55 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } $ne $ne表示不相等,例如查询年龄不等于22岁的信息 db.user.find({age:{$ne:22}}) //输出 { "_id" : ObjectId("59057c16f551d8c9003d31e0"), "name" : "jhon", "age" : 33, "tags" : [ "python", "java" ], "grades" : [ 66, 22, 44, 88 ], "school" : { "name" : "kuangda", "city" : "xuzhou" } } slice $slice操作符控制查询返回的数组中元素的个数。此操作符根据参数 语法: 下面将查询grades中的前两个数 db.user.find({name:'jack'},{grades:{$slice:2},name:1,age:1,'school.name':1}); //输出,可以看出这里的grades只输出了前面两个 { "_id" : ObjectId("59057c16f551d8c9003d31df"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "grades" : [ 22, 33 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida" } } 下面将输出后3个数据 db.user.find({name:'jhon'},{grades:{$slice:-3},name:1}); //输出 { "_id" : ObjectId("59057c16f551d8c9003d31e0"), "name" : "jhon", "grades" : [ 22, 44, 88 ] } 下面介绍指定一个数组作为参数。数组参数使用 db.user.find({name:'jack'},{grades:{$slice:[2,2]},name:1}); //这里将会跳过前面的两个,直接得到后面的两个数据 //输出 { "_id" : ObjectId("59057c16f551d8c9003d31df"), "name" : "jack", "grades" : [ 44, 55 ] } $exists 下面将会查询不存在sex这一项的信息 db.user.find({sex:{$exists:false}}) //结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cd"), "name" : "xiaoming", "age" : 33, "tags" : [ "python", "java" ], "grades" : [ 66, 22, 44, 88 ], "school" : { "name" : "kuangda", "city" : "xuzhou" } } db.user.find({sex:{$exists:true}}); //结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cb"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "sex" : "Man", "tags" : [ "python", "c++", "c" ], "grades" : [ 22, 33, 44, 55 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cc"), "name" : "jhon", "age" : 33, "sex" : null, "tags" : [ "python", "java" ], "grades" : [ 66, 22, 44, 88 ], "school" : { "name" : "kuangda", "city" : "xuzhou" } } $or 执行逻辑OR运算,指定一个至少包含两个表达式的数组,选择出至少满足数组中一条表达式的文档。 语法: 下面将要查找age等于22或者age等于33的值 db.user.find({$or:[{age:22},{age:33}]}) //结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cb"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "sex" : "Man", "tags" : [ "python", "c++", "c" ], "grades" : [ 22, 33, 44, 55 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cc"), "name" : "jhon", "age" : 33, "sex" : null, "tags" : [ "python", "java" ], "grades" : [ 66, 22, 44, 88 ], "school" : { "name" : "kuangda", "city" : "xuzhou" } } { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cd"), "name" : "xiaoming", "age" : 33, "tags" : [ "python", "java" ], "grades" : [ 66, 22, 44, 88 ], "school" : { "name" : "kuangda", "city" : "xuzhou" } } 下面将会查找出年龄为22或者33并且姓名为jack的人的信息 db.user.find({name:'jack',$or:[{age:33},{age:22}]}) //结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cb"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "sex" : "Man", "tags" : [ "python", "c++", "c" ], "grades" : [ 22, 33, 44, 55 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } $and 指定一个至少包含两个表达式的数组,选择出满足该数组中所有表达式的文档。$and操作符使用短路操作,若第一个表达式的值为“false”,余下的表达式将不会执行。 语法: 下面将会查找年龄在20-30之间的信息,对于下面使用逗号分隔符的表达式列表,MongoDB会提供一个隐式的$and操作: db.user.find({$and:[{age:{$gt:20}},{age:{$lt:30}}]}) //上述语句相当于db.user.find({age:{$gt:20},age:{$lt:30}}) //结果 { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cb"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "sex" : "Man", "tags" : [ "python", "c++", "c" ], "grades" : [ 22, 33, 44, 55 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } $in 匹配键值等于指定数组中任意值的文档。类似sql中in,只要匹配一个value就会输出 语法: 下面将会查找grades中存在22,33之间的任意一个数的信息 db.user.find({grades:{$in:[22,33]}}) //输出 { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cb"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "sex" : "Man", "tags" : [ "python", "c++", "c" ], "grades" : [ 22, 33, 44, 55 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cc"), "name" : "jhon", "age" : 33, "sex" : null, "tags" : [ "python", "java" ], "grades" : [ 66, 22, 44, 88 ], "school" : { "name" : "kuangda", "city" : "xuzhou" } } { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cd"), "name" : "xiaoming", "age" : 33, "tags" : [ "python", "java" ], "grades" : [ 66, 22, 44, 88 ], "school" : { "name" : "kuangda", "city" : "xuzhou" } } $nin 匹配键不存在或者键值不等于指定数组的任意值的文档。类似sql中not in(SQL中字段不存在使用会有语法错误). 查询出grades中不存在100或者44的文档 db.user.find({grades:{$nin:[100,44]}}) $not 执行逻辑NOT运算,选择出不能匹配表达式的文档 ,包括没有指定键的文档。$not操作符不能独立使用,必须跟其他操作一起使用 语法: 查询年龄不大于30的信息 db.user.find({age:{$not:{$gt:30}}}) //输出 { "_id" : ObjectId("59058460fe58ed1089f2a5cb"), "name" : "jack", "age" : 22, "sex" : "Man", "tags" : [ "python", "c++", "c" ], "grades" : [ 22, 33, 44, 55 ], "school" : { "name" : "shida", "city" : "xuzhou" } } 迭代游标的查询 学过高级语言的朋友都知道迭代的问题,像java,下面使用迭代的方法查询 var cursor=db.usr.find(); //这里使用迭代输出所有的数据 while(cursor.hasNext()) //这里的hasNext()是判断是否下一个中还有可迭代的值,如果没有返回false { printjson(cursor.next()); //这里的cursor.next是迭代的输出,printjson是代替print(tojson()) } print cursor.count() //输出其中有多少个数据 cursor.forEach(printjson); //forEach输出 var document=cursor.toArray(); //将迭代对象转换成数组 print document[0]; //以数组的形式输出 总结 以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对极客世界的支持。 |
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