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MongoDB按照天数或小时聚合 需求 最近接到需求,需要对用户账户下的设备状态,分别按照天以及小时进行聚合,以此为基础绘制设备状态趋势图. 数据模型 @Data @Builder @Entity(value = "rawDevStatus", noClassnameStored = true) // 设备状态索引 @Indexes({ // 设置数据超时时间(TTL,MongoDB根据TTL在后台进行数据删除操作) @Index(fields = @Field("time"), options = @IndexOptions(expireAfterSeconds = 3600 * 24 * 72)), @Index(fields = {@Field("userId"), @Field(value = "time", type = IndexType.DESC)}) }) public class RawDevStatus { @Id @JsonProperty(access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY) private ObjectId objectId; private String userId; private Instant time; @Embedded("points") List<Point> protocolPoints; @Data @AllArgsConstructor public static class Point { /** * 协议类型 */ private Protocol protocol; /** * 设备总数 */ private Integer total; /** * 设备在线数目 */ private Integer onlineNum; /** * 处于启用状态设备数目 */ private Integer enableNum; } } 上述代码是设备状态实体类,其中设备状态数据是按照设备所属协议进行区分的. @Data @Builder @Entity(value = "aggregationDevStatus", noClassnameStored = true) @Indexes({ @Index(fields = @Field("expireAt"), options = @IndexOptions(expireAfterSeconds = 0)), @Index(fields = {@Field("userId"), @Field(value = "time", type = IndexType.DESC)}) }) public class AggregationDevStatus { @Id @JsonProperty(access = JsonProperty.Access.WRITE_ONLY) private ObjectId objectId; /** * 用户ID */ private String userId; /** * 设备总数 */ private Double total; /** * 设备在线数目 */ private Double onlineNum; /** * 处于启用状态设备数目 */ private Double enableNum; /** * 聚合类型(按照小时还是按照天聚合) */ @Property("aggDuration") private AggregationDuration aggregationDuration; private Instant time; /** * 动态设置文档过期时间 */ private Instant expireAt; } 上述代码是期待的聚合结果,其中构建两个索引:(1)超时索引;(2)复合索引,程序会根据用户名以及时间查询设备状态聚合结果. 聚合操作符介绍 聚合操作类似于管道,管道中的每一步操作产生的中间结果作为下一步的输入源,最终输出聚合结果. 此次聚合主要涉及以下操作: •$project:指定输出文档中的字段. 原始聚合语句 db.getCollection('raw_dev_status').aggregate([ {$match: { time:{$gte: ISODate("2019-06-27T00:00:00Z")}, } }, {$unwind: "$points"}, {$project: { userId:1,points:1, tmp: {$dateToString: { format: "%Y:%m:%dT%H:00:00Z", date: "$time" } } } }, {$project: { userId:1,points:1, groupTime: {$dateFromString: { dateString: "$tmp", format: "%Y:%m:%dT%H:%M:%SZ", } } } }, {$group: { _id:{user_id:'$userId', cal_time:'$groupTime'}, devTotal:{'$avg':'$points.total'}, onlineTotal:{'$avg':'$points.onlineNum'}, enableTotal:{'$avg':'$points.enableNum'} } }, ]) 上述代码是按小时聚合数据,以下来逐步介绍处理思路: (1) $match 根据小时聚合数据,因为只需要获取近24小时的聚合结果,所以对数据进行初步筛选. (2) $unwind raw_dev_status中的设备状态是按照协议区分的数组,因此需要对其进行展开,以便下一步进行筛选; (3) $project {$project: { userId:1,points:1, tmp: {$dateToString: { format: "%Y:%m:%dT%H:00:00Z", date: "$time" } } } } 选择需要输出的数据,分别为: 需要注意,为了按照时间聚合,对$time属性进行操作,提取%Y:%m:%dT%H时信息至$tmp作为下一步的聚合依据. 如果需要按天聚合,则format数据可修改为 (4) $project {$project: { userId:1,points:1, groupTime: {$dateFromString: { dateString: "$tmp", format: "%Y:%m:%dT%H:%M:%SZ", } } } } 因为上一步project操作中,tmp为字符串数据,最终的聚合结果需要时间戳(主要懒,不想在程序中进行转换操作). (5) $group 对聚合结果进行分类操作,并生成最终输出结果. {$group: { # 根据_id进行分组操作,依据是`user_id`以及`$groupTime` _id:{user_id:'$userId', cal_time:'$groupTime'}, # 求设备总数平均值 devTotal:{'$avg':'$points.total'}, # 求设备在线数平均值 onlineTotal:{'$avg':'$points.onlineNum'}, # ... enableTotal:{'$avg':'$points.enableNum'} } } 代码编写 此处ODM选择Morphia,亦可以使用MongoTemplate,原理类似. /** * 创建聚合条件 * * @param pastTime 过去时间段 * @param dateToString 格式化字符串(%Y:%m:%dT%H:00:00Z或%Y:%m:%dT00:00:00Z) * @return 聚合条件 */ private AggregationPipeline createAggregationPipeline(Instant pastTime, String dateToString, String stringToDate) { Query<RawDevStatus> query = datastore.createQuery(RawDevStatus.class); return datastore.createAggregation(RawDevStatus.class) .match(query.field("time").greaterThanOrEq(pastTime)) .unwind("points", new UnwindOptions().preserveNullAndEmptyArrays(false)) .match(query.field("points.protocol").equal("ALL")) .project(Projection.projection("userId"), Projection.projection("points"), Projection.projection("convertTime", Projection.expression("$dateToString", new BasicDBObject("format", dateToString) .append("date", "$time")) ) ) .project(Projection.projection("userId"), Projection.projection("points"), Projection.projection("convertTime", Projection.expression("$dateFromString", new BasicDBObject("format", stringToDate) .append("dateString", "$convertTime")) ) ) .group( Group.id(Group.grouping("userId"), Group.grouping("convertTime")), Group.grouping("total", Group.average("points.total")), Group.grouping("onlineNum", Group.average("points.onlineNum")), Group.grouping("enableNum", Group.average("points.enableNum")) ); } /** * 获取聚合结果 * * @param pipeline 聚合条件 * @return 聚合结果 */ private List<AggregationMidDevStatus> getAggregationResult(AggregationPipeline pipeline) { List<AggregationMidDevStatus> statuses = new ArrayList<>(); Iterator<AggregationMidDevStatus> resultIterator = pipeline.aggregate( AggregationMidDevStatus.class, AggregationOptions.builder().allowDiskUse(true).build()); while (resultIterator.hasNext()) { statuses.add(resultIterator.next()); } return statuses; } //...................................................................................... // 获取聚合结果(省略若干代码) AggregationPipeline pipeline = createAggregationPipeline(pastTime, dateToString, stringToDate); List<AggregationMidDevStatus> midStatuses = getAggregationResult(pipeline); if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(midStatuses)) { log.warn("Can not get dev status aggregation result."); return; } 总结 以上所述是小编给大家介绍的基于Morphia实现MongoDB按小时、按天聚合操作方法,希望对大家有所帮助,如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言,小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对极客世界网站的支持! |
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