关于ORACLE通过file_id与block_id定位数据库对象遇到的问题引发的思考 ...

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在ORACLE中，我们可以通过file_id（file#）与block_id（block#）去定位一个数据库对象（object）。例如，我们在10046生成的trace文件中file#=4 block#=266 blocks=8,那么我可以通过下面两个SQL去定位对象

SQL 1：此SQL效率较差，执行时间较长。

SELECT OWNER, 
  SEGMENT_NAME, 
  SEGMENT_TYPE, 
  TABLESPACE_NAME 
FROM DBA_EXTENTS 
WHERE FILE_ID =&FILE_ID
  AND &BLOCK_ID BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;

SQL 2：此SQL效率较快（ORACLE 10g 中没有CACHEHINT字段）

SELECT OBJD, 
  FILE#, 
  BLOCK#, 
  CLASS#, 
  TS#, 
  CACHEHINT, 
  STATUS, 
  DIRTY 
FROM V$BH 
WHERE FILE# = &FILE_ID 
  AND BLOCK# = &BLOCK_ID; 
SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_ID=&OBJECT_ID;

下面通过一个例子来演示一下，详情如下所示

SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER  ,
 2   SEGMENT_NAME ,
 3   HEADER_FILE ,
 4   HEADER_BLOCK
 5 FROM DBA_SEGMENTS   
 6 WHERE OWNER='TEST' AND SEGMENT_NAME='EMPLOYEE';
OWNER  SEGMENT_NAME      HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ------------
TEST   EMPLOYEE         4   266
SQL> 
SQL> SELECT OWNER, 
 2   SEGMENT_NAME, 
 3   SEGMENT_TYPE, 
 4   TABLESPACE_NAME 
 5 FROM DBA_EXTENTS 
 6 WHERE FILE_ID = 4 
 7   AND 266 BETWEEN BLOCK_ID AND BLOCK_ID + BLOCKS - 1;
OWNER  SEGMENT_NAME      SEGMENT_TYPE  TABLESPACE_NAME
------------ -------------------------------- ------------------ -----------------
TEST   EMPLOYEE       TABLE    USERS
SQL> 
SQL> SELECT OBJD, 
 2   FILE#, 
 3   BLOCK#, 
 4   CLASS#, 
 5   TS#, 
 6   CACHEHINT, 
 7   STATUS, 
 8   DIRTY 
 9 FROM V$BH 
 10 WHERE FILE# = 4 
 11   AND BLOCK# = 266; 
  OBJD  FILE#  BLOCK#  CLASS#  TS# CACHEHINT STATUS  D
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -
  76090   4  266   4   4   15 cr   N
  76090   4  266   4   4   15 cr   N
  76090   4  266   4   4   15 cr   N
SQL> SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE OBJECT_ID=76090;
OWNER  OBJECT_NAME
------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
TEST   EMPLOYEE
clip_image001

昨天在群里讨论一个关于空闲块的问题时，我验证测试时，发现一个奇怪的现象，使用下面SQL找到了一个最大空闲块。

SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME)   AS "表空间名",
  D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB     AS "表空间大小(M)",
  D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES AS "已使用空间(M)",
  TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99')
           AS "使用比",
  F.TOTAL_BYTES      AS "空闲空间(M)",
  F.MAX_BYTES      AS "最大空闲块(M)"
FROM
 (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
 ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
 ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES
 FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
 GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME
 ) F,
 (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
 ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB
 FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
 GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME
 ) D
WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME;
SELECT FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID, BYTES,BLOCKS 
FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE 
WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME=&TABLESPACE_NAME 
ORDER BY BYTES DESC;

然后我发现使用上面两个SQL查不到对应的对象。如下截图所示：

后面查了一下资料，发现在Oracle Database 10g引入了回收站功能后，会将回收站（RECYCLEBIN$）中的空间计算为自由空间，加入到dba_free_space字典中。在$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catspace.sql中，你可以找到视图DBA_FREE_SPACE的定义，脚本如下：

ORACLE 10g中DBA_FREE_SPACE的定义：

create or replace view DBA_FREE_SPACE
 (TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, BLOCK_ID,
  BYTES, BLOCKS, RELATIVE_FNO)
as
select ts.name, fi.file#, f.block#,
  f.length * ts.blocksize, f.length, f.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.fet$ f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ts#
 and f.ts# = fi.ts#
 and f.file# = fi.relfile#
 and ts.bitmapped = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(f) use_nl(fi) */
  ts.name, fi.file#, f.ktfbfebno,
  f.ktfbfeblks * ts.blocksize, f.ktfbfeblks, f.ktfbfefno
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbfe f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ktfbfetsn
 and f.ktfbfetsn = fi.ts#
 and f.ktfbfefno = fi.relfile#
 and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(u) use_nl(fi) */
  ts.name, fi.file#, u.ktfbuebno,
  u.ktfbueblks * ts.blocksize, u.ktfbueblks, u.ktfbuefno
from sys.recyclebin$ rb, sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbue u, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = rb.ts#
 and rb.ts# = fi.ts#
 and u.ktfbuefno = fi.relfile#
 and u.ktfbuesegtsn = rb.ts#
 and u.ktfbuesegfno = rb.file#
 and u.ktfbuesegbno = rb.block#
 and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select ts.name, fi.file#, u.block#,
  u.length * ts.blocksize, u.length, u.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.uet$ u, sys.file$ fi, sys.recyclebin$ rb
where ts.ts# = u.ts#
 and u.ts# = fi.ts#
 and u.segfile# = fi.relfile#
 and u.ts# = rb.ts#
 and u.segfile# = rb.file#
 and u.segblock# = rb.block#
 and ts.bitmapped = 0
/
ORACLE 11g中DBA_FREE_SPACE的定义：
create or replace view DBA_FREE_SPACE
 (TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, BLOCK_ID,
  BYTES, BLOCKS, RELATIVE_FNO)
as
select ts.name, fi.file#, f.block#,
  f.length * ts.blocksize, f.length, f.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.fet$ f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ts#
 and f.ts# = fi.ts#
 and f.file# = fi.relfile#
 and ts.bitmapped = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(f) use_nl(fi) */
  ts.name, fi.file#, f.ktfbfebno,
  f.ktfbfeblks * ts.blocksize, f.ktfbfeblks, f.ktfbfefno
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbfe f, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = f.ktfbfetsn
 and f.ktfbfetsn = fi.ts#
 and f.ktfbfefno = fi.relfile#
 and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select /*+ ordered use_nl(u) use_nl(fi) */
  ts.name, fi.file#, u.ktfbuebno,
  u.ktfbueblks * ts.blocksize, u.ktfbueblks, u.ktfbuefno
from sys.recyclebin$ rb, sys.ts$ ts, sys.x$ktfbue u, sys.file$ fi
where ts.ts# = rb.ts#
 and rb.ts# = fi.ts#
 and u.ktfbuefno = fi.relfile#
 and u.ktfbuesegtsn = rb.ts#
 and u.ktfbuesegfno = rb.file#
 and u.ktfbuesegbno = rb.block#
 and ts.bitmapped <> 0 and ts.online$ in (1,4) and ts.contents$ = 0
union all
select ts.name, fi.file#, u.block#,
  u.length * ts.blocksize, u.length, u.file#
from sys.ts$ ts, sys.uet$ u, sys.file$ fi, sys.recyclebin$ rb
where ts.ts# = u.ts#
 and u.ts# = fi.ts#
 and u.segfile# = fi.relfile#
 and u.ts# = rb.ts#
 and u.segfile# = rb.file#
 and u.segblock# = rb.block#
 and ts.bitmapped = 0
/

那么在DBA_FREE_SPACE中找到的最大空闲块是否很有可能就是回收站中曾经的一个对象呢？那么我们来测试看看。

SQL> show parameter recyclebin;
NAME         TYPE  VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
recyclebin       string  on
SQL> CREATE TABLE ESCMOWNER.TTT
 2 AS
 3 SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;
Table created.
SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, HEADER_FILE, HEADER_BLOCK
 2 FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
 3 WHERE OWNER='ESCMOWNER' AND SEGMENT_NAME='TTT' ;
OWNER  SEGMENT_NAME      HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ------------
ESCMOWNER TTT          97  113025
SQL> 
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=97;
ADDR     INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00007F57B2388CA0  222   1   9   97  524169  120
SQL> DROP TABLE ESCMOWNER.TTT;
Table dropped.
SQL> COL ORIGINAL_NAME FOR A16;
SQL> SELECT OBJ#,OWNER#,ORIGINAL_NAME,FILE#,BLOCK# ,FLAGS,SPACE FROM RECYCLEBIN$; 
  OBJ#  OWNER# ORIGINAL_NAME   FILE#  BLOCK#  FLAGS  SPACE
---------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
 805429   73 TTT      97  113025   30  896
SQL> PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;
DBA Recyclebin purged.
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=97 ;
ADDR     INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00007F57B2388CA0  222   1   9   97  113025   8
00007F57B2388CA0  225   1   9   97  524169  120
SQL> 
clip_image003

如上所示，清空回收站对象后，你会发现X$KTFBFE中多了一条记录，KTFBFEFNO 和 KTFBFEBNO分别为97 ，113025，这个值显然就是删除对象TTT曾经的FILE_ID（97）和BLOCK_ID（113025）值。

另外，在测试过程中发现，并不是每次的测试结果都是在X$KTFBFE中多一条记录，有时候记录不会变化，但是X$KTFBFE中某条记录的KTFBFEBNO会变化，而这个变化跟清空回收站是有关系的。如下案例所示：

SQL> show parameter recyclebin;
NAME         TYPE  VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
recyclebin       string  on
SQL> CREATE TABLE TEST.TTT
 2 AS
 3 SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;
Table created.
SQL> COL OWNER FOR A12;
SQL> COL SEGMENT_NAME FOR A32;
SQL> SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, HEADER_FILE, HEADER_BLOCK
 2 FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
 3 WHERE OWNER='TEST' AND SEGMENT_NAME='TTT' ;
OWNER  SEGMENT_NAME      HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK
------------ -------------------------------- ----------- ------------
TEST   TTT          5   130
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ;
ADDR     INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00002BA829B19558  150   1   6   5  1280  506752
00002BA829B19558  151   1   6   5  508032  16256
SQL> DROP TABLE TEST.TTT;
Table dropped.
SQL> 
SQL> COL ORIGINAL_NAME FOR A16;
SQL> SELECT OBJ#,OWNER#,ORIGINAL_NAME,FILE#,BLOCK# ,FLAGS,SPACE FROM RECYCLEBIN$; 
  OBJ#  OWNER# ORIGINAL_NAME   FILE#  BLOCK#  FLAGS  SPACE
---------- ---------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
  82820   85 TTT      5  130   30  1152
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ;
ADDR     INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00002BA829B159D8  150   1   6   5  1280  506752
00002BA829B159D8  151   1   6   5  508032  16256
SQL> PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;
DBA Recyclebin purged.
SQL> SELECT * FROM X$KTFBFE WHERE KTFBFEFNO=5 ;
ADDR     INDX INST_ID KTFBFETSN KTFBFEFNO KTFBFEBNO KTFBFEBLKS
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
00002BA829B159D8  150   1   6   5  128  507904
00002BA829B159D8  151   1   6   5  508032  16256
SQL> 
clip_image004

如上所示，在清空回收站的表以后，你查询X$KTFBFE，就会发现其中一条记录的KTFBFEBNO的变化了，它们的关系为

1280 -1152 = 128

所以，你会看到KTFBFEBNO的值从1280变为了128了。此时你查看DBA_FREE_SPACE，就会看到这样的情况。所以当清空回收站时，有可能是数据库将这个表的空间标记为了空闲块，也有可能是将这个空闲块合并到其它空闲块去了。

X$KTFBFE其实是这几个单词[k]ernel [t]ablespace [f]ile [b]itmapped [f]ree [e]xtents 的首字母。关于这个系统视图最深入的介绍，莫过于这篇文章谈谈Oracle dba_free_space，有兴趣可以验证、测试一下。

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的关于ORACLE通过file_id与block_id定位数据库对象遇到的问题引发的思考，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问欢迎给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的！