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这两天看到了两种可能会导致全表扫描的sql,这里给大家看一下,希望可以避免踩坑: 情况1:强制类型转换的情况下,不会使用索引,会走全表扫描。 举例如下: 首先我们创建一个表 CREATE TABLE `test` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `score` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `idx_score` (`score`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=12 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 我们可以看到,这个表有三个字段,其中两个int类型,一个varchar类型。varchar类型的字段score是一个索引,而id是主键。 然后我们给这个表里面插入一些数据,插入数据之后的表如下: mysql:yeyztest 21:43:12>>select * from test; +----+------+-------+ | id | age | score | +----+------+-------+ | 1 | 1 | 5 | | 2 | 2 | 10 | | 5 | 5 | 25 | | 8 | 8 | 40 | | 9 | 2 | 45 | | 10 | 5 | 50 | | 11 | 8 | 55 | +----+------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) 这个时候,我们使用explain语句来查看两条sql的执行情况,分别是: explain select * from test where score ='10'; explain select * from test where score =10; 结果如下: mysql:yeyztest 21:42:29>>explain select * from test where score ='10'; +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | test | NULL | ref | idx_score | idx_score | 62 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql:yeyztest 21:43:06>>explain select * from test where score =10; +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | test | NULL | ALL | idx_score | NULL | NULL | NULL | 7 | 14.29 | Using where | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ 1 row in set, 3 warnings (0.00 sec) 可以看到,如果我们使用的是varchar类型的值,那么结果中扫描的行数rows就是1,而当我们使用的是整数值10的时候,扫描行数变为了7,证明,如果出现了强制类型转换,则会导致索引失效。 情况2:反向查询不能使用索引,会导致全表扫描。 创建一个表test1,它的主键是score,然后插入6条数据: CREATE TABLE `test1` ( `score` varchar(20) not null default '' , PRIMARY KEY (`score`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 mysql:yeyztest 22:09:37>>select * from test1; +-------+ | score | +-------+ | 111 | | 222 | | 333 | | 444 | | 555 | | 666 | +-------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 当我们使用反向查找的时候,不会使用到索引,来看下面两条sql: explain select * from test1 where score='111'; explain select * from test1 where score!='111'; mysql:yeyztest 22:13:01>>explain select * from test1 where score='111'; +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | test1 | NULL | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 62 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql:yeyztest 22:13:08>>explain select * from test1 where score!='111'; +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | test1 | NULL | index | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 62 | NULL | 6 | 100.00 | Using where; Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) 可以看到,使用!=作为条件的时候,扫描的行数是表的总记录行数。因此如果想要使用索引,我们就不能使用反向匹配规则。 情况3:某些or值条件可能导致全表扫描。 首先我们创建一个表,并插入几条数据: CREATE TABLE `test4` ( `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, KEY `idx_id` (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) [email protected]:yeyztest 22:23:44>>select * from test4; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | aaa | | 2 | bbb | | 3 | ccc | | 4 | yeyz | | NULL | yeyz | +------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 其中表test4包含两个字段,id字段是一个索引,而name字段是varchar类型,我们来看下面三个语句的扫描行数: explain select * from test4 where id=1; explain select * from test4 where id is null; explain select * from test4 where id=1 or id is null; mysql:yeyztest 22:24:12>>explain select * from test4 where id is null; +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | test4 | NULL | ref | idx_id | idx_id | 5 | const | 1 | 100.00 | Using index condition | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+------+----------+-----------------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql:yeyztest 22:24:17>>explain select * from test4 where id=1; +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | test4 | NULL | ref | idx_id | idx_id | 5 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+--------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql:yeyztest 22:24:28>>explain select * from test4 where id=1 or id is null; +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | test4 | NULL | ALL | idx_id | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | 40.00 | Using where | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) 可以看到单独使用id=1和id is null,都只会扫描一行记录,而使用or将二者连接起来就会导致扫描全表而不使用索引。 简单总结一下:1.强制类型转换的情况下,不会使用索引,会走全表扫描 2.反向查询不能使用索引,会导致全表扫描。 3.某些or值条件可能导致全表扫描。 以上就是导致MySQL做全表扫描的几种情况的详细内容,更多关于MySQL 全表扫描的资料请关注极客世界其它相关文章! |
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