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原理 写操作先缓存到ssd硬盘上,然后通过一定策略写到普通硬盘上; 读操作热点数据可以缓存到ssd硬盘上,提高读取数据的速度。
软件 ssd 缓存开源软件主要有bcache ,flashcache
bcache 需要编译最新的内核,要求比较高,配置比较复杂,目前主要用于测试环境; flashcache 是facebook内部使用的ssd cache软件,开源出来供大家使用,目前有人编译出rhel6的rpm包,在centos6上可以直接安装使用。
本次初步测试了flashcache
测试环境 sdc为 ssd 硬盘 160G*4 raid 10 用fio测试 4k 写iops为 5433 sdb为 普通sas硬盘 146G*2 raid 1 用fio测试 4k 写iops为 447
初步简单测试结果: 4k 随机写可以达到 5014 4k随机读可以达到45874
flashcache 安装配置方法
安装 复制代码 代码如下:rpm --import http://elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org</p>
<p>rpm -Uvh http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-5.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm</p>
<p>yum install flashcache-utils kmod-flashcache
配置: 用sdc 做sdb的缓存 复制代码 代码如下:</p>
<p>flashcache_create -p back cachedev /dev/sdc /dev/sdb </p>
<p>cachedev cachedev, ssd_devname /dev/sdc, disk_devname /dev/sdb cache mode WRITE_BACK</p>
<p>block_size 8, md_block_size 8, cache_size 0</p>
<p>Flashcache metadata will use 1192MB of your 24016MB main memory
可以用3种方式: 复制代码 代码如下:</p>
<p>Writethrough - safest, all writes are cached to ssd but also written to disk</p>
<p>immediately. If your ssd has slower write performance than your disk (likely</p>
<p>for early generation SSDs purchased in 2008-2010), this may limit your system</p>
<p>write performance. All disk reads are cached (tunable).
数据同时写到ssd和普通硬盘 复制代码 代码如下:</p>
<p>Writearound - again, very safe, writes are not written to ssd but directly to</p>
<p>disk. Disk blocks will only be cached after they are read. All disk reads</p>
<p>are cached (tunable).
数据同时绕过ssd,直接写到普通硬盘 复制代码 代码如下:Writeback - fastest but less safe. Writes only go to the ssd initially, and</p>
<p>based on various policies are written to disk later. All disk reads are</p>
<p>cached (tunable).
数据先写到ssd,随后写到普通硬盘 查看 flashstat ====================================================================================================== Flashstat: a tool for flashcache status per second Author : NinGoo([email protected]) Version : 0.3 ====================================================================================================== SSD Device: /dev/sdc Disk Device: /dev/sdb Cache Mode: WRITE_BACK Capacity: 303998M Block Size: 4K Meta Block Size: 4096b Total Blocks: 77823488 Cached Blocks: 9 Cached Percent: 0 Set Numbers: 512 Dirty Blocks: 0 Dirty Percent: 0 cache_all: 1 reclaim_policy: FIFO dirty_thresh_pct: 20 max_clean_ios_set: 2 max_clean_ios_total: 4 skip_seq_thresh: 0K ====================================================================================================== time read/s write/s diskr/s diskw/s ssdr/s ssdw/s uread/s uwrit/s metaw/s clean/s repl/s wrepl/s hit% whit% dwhit% 03-13 14:51:20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|10 0|0 0|0 复制代码 代码如下:fdisk -l /dev/mapper/cachedev 可以看到一个设备
Disk /dev/mapper/cachedev: 146.8 GB, 146778685440 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17844 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0002da0a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
使用:
可以当一个块设备来使用,划分vg lv 复制代码 代码如下:</p>
<p> pvcreate /dev/mapper/cachedev</p>
<p> Physical volume "/dev/mapper/cachedev" successfully created</p>
<p> vgcreate ssdcachetest /dev/mapper/cachedev </p>
<p> Volume group "ssdcachetest" successfully created</p>
<p> lvcreate -L 100G -n ssdcache_test_lv1 ssdcachetest</p>
<p> Logical volume "ssdcache_test_lv1" created
删除 复制代码 代码如下:dmsetup remove cachedev</p>
<p>flashcache_destroy /dev/sdc |
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