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linux基础之Shell Script 1 Shell Scipt 1.1 程序书写 复制代码 代码如下: #!/bin/bash # Program: # This program shows "Hello Wrold" in your screen. # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH echo -e "Hello World!\a\n" exit 0 第一行 #!/bin/bash 说明使用的shell类型,不同shell语法可能不同，所以要说明使用的是哪种shell 复制代码 代码如下: $./xxx.sh $chmod +x sh01.sh $./sh01.sh source $ source sh01.sh 注：用bash和用source的不同在于，用bash执行时，shell script其实是在在父程序bash下新建了一个 bash子程序，这个子程序中执行，当程序执行完后，shell script里定义的变量都会随子程序的结束而消失， 而用source执行时，是在父程序bash中执行,shell script里定义的变量都还在。 2 简单Shell练习 2.1 例1 接收用户输入 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to read user's input # Site: www.ogeek.net # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH read -p "Your first name:" firstname # tell user to input read -p "Your last name:" lastname # tell user to input echo -e "\nYour full name: $firstname $lastname" exit 0 调用： 复制代码 代码如下: $ bash sh02.sh Your first name:Minix Your last name:007 Your full name: Minix 007 2.2 例2 按日期建立相似名字的文件 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to create files according to date # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH # Get filename from user echo -e "I will use 'touch' to create three files." read -p "Please input your filename:" tmpfilename # Prevent the user input [Enter] # Check whether filename exists or not filename=${tmpfilename:-"filename"} # Get the final filename according to date date1=$(date --date='2 days ago' +%Y%m%d) # date of 2 days ago date2=$(date --date='1 days ago' +%Y%m%d) # date of yesterday date3=$(date +%Y%m%d) # date of today filename1=${filename}${date1} filename2=${filename}${date2} filename3=${filename}${date3} # Create file touch "$filename1" touch "$filename2" touch "$filename3" exit 0 调用： 复制代码 代码如下: $ bash sh03.sh I will use 'touch' to create three files. Please input your filename:WhoKnows $ ls W* WhoKnows20130201 WhoKnows20130202 WhoKnows20130203 3 判断式 复制代码 代码如下: $ test -e sh01.sh && echo "Exists" || echo "Not exists" Exists $ test -e sh0x.sh && echo "Exists" || echo "Not exists" Not exists 3.2 test常用选项 复制代码 代码如下: -e file :file是否存在 -f file :file是否存在且为文件 -d file :file是否存在且为目录 3.2.2 权限 3.2.3 文件新旧比较 3.2.4 整数，字符串，多重条件判断 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to output type and permission of the target file # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH # Get filename from user echo -e "Input name of the file that you want to check.\n" read -p "Filename:" filename test -z $filename && echo "You must input a filename." && exit 0 # Check whether the file exists or not test ! -e $filename && echo "The file '$filename' DO NOT exists" && exit 0 # Check type and permission of the file test -f $filename && filetype="regular file" test -d $filename && filetype="directory" test -r $filename && perm="readable" test -w $filename && perm="$perm writable" test -x $filename && perm="$perm executable" # Output result echo "The filename:$filename is a $filetype" echo "And Permissions are :$perm" exit 0 调用： 复制代码 代码如下: $ bash sh04.sh Input name of the file that you want to check. Filename:sh01.sh 3.3 使用[]判断 测试文件是否存在 复制代码 代码如下: $ [ -e "sh01.sh" ] ; echo $? 0 $ [ -e "sh0x.sh" ] ; echo $? 1 注意[]内空格必须有 4 Shell Script 参数 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to ouput parameter of the shell script # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH echo "The script's name is ==> $0" echo "Total parameter number is ==> $#" # Check whether number of the parameter is less than 2 [ "$#" -lt 2 ] && echo "The number of parameter is less than 2.Stop here." && exit 0 echo "The whole parameter is ==> '$@'" echo "The first parameter is ==> $1" echo "The first parameter is ==> $2" exit 0 调用： 复制代码 代码如下: $ bash sh05.sh 1a 2b 3c 4d The script's name is ==> sh05.sh Total parameter number is ==> 4 The whole parameter is ==> '1a 2b 3c 4d' The first parameter is ==> 1a The first parameter is ==> 2b 注：从以上程序可以看出与参数有关的预设变量如何表示 5 条件表达式 5.1 if 结构 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to show if else expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH read -p "Please input [Y/N]" choice if [ "$choice" == "Y" ] || [ "$choice" == "y" ];then echo "OK, continue" exit 0 fi if [ "$choice" == "N" ] || [ "$choice" == "n" ];then echo "Oh, interupt" exit 0 fi exit 0 调用： 复制代码 代码如下: $ bash sh06.sh Please input [Y/N]y OK, continue $ bash sh06.sh Please input [Y/N]n Oh, interupt 5.2 if else 结构 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to show if else expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH read -p "Please input [Y/N]" choice if [ "$choice" == "Y" ] || [ "$choice" == "y" ];then echo "OK, continue" exit 0 elif [ "$choice" == "N" ] || [ "$choice" == "n" ];then echo "Oh, interupt" exit 0 else echo "Input [Y/N]" fi exit 0 5.3 case 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to show case expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH read -p "Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>" choice case $choice in "1") echo "Your choice is ONE" "2") echo "Your choice is TWO" "3") echo "Your choice is THREE" esac exit 0 调用： 复制代码 代码如下: $ bash sh08.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>2 Your choice is TWO $ bash sh08.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>1 Your choice is ONE $ bash sh08.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>3 Your choice is THREE 6 函数 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to test function # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH function myprint(){ echo -n "Your choice is " } read -p "Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>" choice case $choice in "1") myprint;echo "ONE" "2") myprint;echo "TWO" "3") myprint;echo "THREE" esac exit 0 调用： 复制代码 代码如下: $ bash sh09.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>1 Your choice is ONE $ bash sh09.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>2 Your choice is TWO $ bash sh09.sh Tell me your choice:[1-3]=>3 Your choice is THREE 7 循环 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program shows while expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH while [ "$choice" != "yes" ] do read -p "Give your choice [yes/no]:" choice done exit 0 调用： 复制代码 代码如下: $ bash sh10.sh Give your choice [yes/no]:no Give your choice [yes/no]:no Give your choice [yes/no]:nx Give your choice [yes/no]:yes 7.2 for 复制代码 代码如下: # !/bin/bash # Program: # This program is used to demo for expression # History: # 2013/2/3 on_1y First release PATH=$PATH export PATH for choice in 1 2 3 do echo "your choice is $choice" done exit 0 调用示例： 复制代码 代码如下: $ bash sh11.sh your choice is 1 your choice is 2 your choice is 3 8 shell script的追踪与Debug |
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