在线时间:8:00-16:00
迪恩网络APP
随时随地掌握行业动态
扫描二维码
关注迪恩网络微信公众号
Nginx的rewrite功能支持正则匹配重写,即将URL地址临时或永久重新指向某个新的位置,类似于重定向。这个特性有利用当网站结构做出重大调整,如之前的网站mp3资源使用URL为www.site1.org/mp3进行访问,而现在服务器上mp3目录已经被使用music目录替换,那rewrite这个功能则能够轻松实现。其次如可以将site1.org强制调整到www.site1.org,反之亦可。这个指令位于ngx_http_rewrite_module模块。本文主要描述这个指令的用法并给出演示。 一、rewrite指令语法描述 句法: rewrite regex replacement [flag]; 如果指定的正则表达式与请求URI匹配,则URI将按照replacement字符串中的指定进行更改。 flag标志的作用是用于控制当匹配到对应的rewrite规则后是否继续检查后续的rewrite规则 last break redirect permanent 注意:一般将rewrite写在location中时都使用break标志,或者将rewrite写在if上下文中; 其他指令 rewrite_log on|off return code: 二、基于location上下文rewrite功能演示 本机环境 # more /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) # nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.12.2 配置nginx # vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/rewrite.conf server { listen 80; server_name site1.orag www.site1.org; location / { root /www/site1.org; index index.html index.htm; } } # mkdir -pv /www/site1.org/images # echo "This is a rewrite test page.">/www/site1.org/index.html # cp /usr/share/backgrounds/gnome/*.jpg /www/site1.org/images/ # vim /etc/hosts 192.168.1.175 site1.org 192.168.1.175 www.site1.org # curl http://www.site1.org This is a rewrite test page. # curl -I http://www.site1.org/images/Waves.jpg HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:47:58 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 458818 Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:43:48 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59f942f4-70042" Accept-Ranges: bytes 修改rewrite.conf文件,添加rewrite指令 location / { root /www/site1.org; index index.html index.htm; rewrite ^/images/(.*)$ /imgs/$1 last; } # systemctl reload nginx # curl -I http://www.site1.org/images/Waves.jpg HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 04:02:38 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 169 Connection: keep-alive # mkdir -pv /www/site1.org/imgs # mv /www/site1.org/images/Waves.jpg /www/site1.org/imgs/. # curl -I http://www.site1.org/images/Waves.jpg HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 04:05:07 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 458818 Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:43:48 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59f942f4-70042" Accept-Ranges: bytes # curl -I http://www.site1.org/imgs/Waves.jpg ##这种方式可以访问 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 04:06:17 GMT Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Length: 458818 Last-Modified: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 03:43:48 GMT Connection: keep-alive ETag: "59f942f4-70042" Accept-Ranges: bytes 模拟rewrite导致的http 500错误 再次对rewrite.conf文件做如下修改, location / { root /www/site1.org; index index.html index.htm; rewrite ^/images/(.*)$ /imgs/$1 last; rewrite ^/imgs/(.*)$ /images/$1 ; } # systemctl restart nginx # curl -I http://www.site1.org/imgs/Waves.jpg HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 05:23:16 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 193 Connection: close # curl -I http://www.site1.org/images/Waves.jpg HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Server: nginx/1.12.2 Date: Wed, 01 Nov 2017 05:23:28 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 193 Connection: close 通过上述的测试可知,出现了死循环导致的500错误。 Nginx官方给出的参考样例: server { ... ##rewrite指令位于server上下文 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 last; ##将/download目录中包含media目录下的任意文件请求重定向为donwload/任意/mp3/任意.mp3 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra last; ##将/download目录中包含audio目录下的任意文件请求重定向为donwload/任意/mp3/任意.mp3 return 403; ... } location /download/ { ##rewrite指令位于location上下文 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/media/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.mp3 break; ##该last标志应该被替换 break,否则nginx将使10个周期返回500个错误 rewrite ^(/download/.*)/audio/(.*)\..*$ $1/mp3/$2.ra break; return 403; } 三、基于if条件判断rewrite功能演示 # vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/rewrite.conf server { listen 80; server_name site1.orag www.site1.org; if ($host != 'www.site1.org' ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.site1.org/$1 permanent; } location / { ##Author : Leshami root /www/site1.org; ##Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami index index.html index.htm; rewrite ^/images/(.*)$ /imgs/$1 last; rewrite ^/imgs/(.*)$ /images/$1 ; } } # systemctl reload nginx.service 本地测试(修改本地host文件) # curl http://site1.org <html> ##返回301状态码 <head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.12.2</center> </body> </html> Windows环境测试 通过修改Windows机器Host文件后,添加如下条目 192.168.1.175 centos7-router.com 192.168.1.175 www.centos7-router.com 打开浏览器,通过域名的方式进行访问http://site1.org会自动跳转到http://www.site1.org(演示略) 四、将http重写至https 在非全站https时,对于有些敏感的数据需有走https,那也可以通过rewrite方式实现 如下示例,假定https://www.site1.org/user目录下包含敏感信息,按可按如下方式rewrite location ^~ /user { rewrite ^/ https://www.site1.org$request_uri? permanent; } 全站https server { listen 80; server_name site1.orag www.site1.org; access_log /var/log/nginx/http-access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/http-error.log; rewrite ^/ https://www.site1.org$request_uri; } 上述演示略 以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持极客世界。 |
请发表评论