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一、简单配置nginx的动静分离 假设web1为静态服务器,web2为动态服务器,node2做代理 1.1 根据目录分开 web1只处理静态请求 [root@web1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/image [root@web1 ~]# yum -y install lrzsz [root@web1 ~]# cd /var/www/www/image/ [root@web1 image]# rz [root@web1 image]# ll -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 156848 Mar 13 11:31 nhrzyx.png [root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf DocumentRoot "/var/www/www" [root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd web2只处理动态请求 [root@web2 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/dynamic [root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic10 > /var/www/www/dynamic/index.html [root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf DocumentRoot "/var/www/www" [root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd 访问测试 http://172.25.254.134/image/nhrzyx.png http://172.25.254.135/dynamic/index.html 1.2 通过请求分离 配置代理 [root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream stack_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; } upstream dynamic_pools { server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } location /image/ { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://stack_pools; } location /dynamic/ { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } } } [root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload 配置hosts ,浏览器访问测试 172.25.254.131 www.lbtest.com http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png http://www.lbtest.com/dynamic/ 1.3 根据扩展名分离 [root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream stack_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; } upstream dynamic_pools { server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } location ~ .*.(jpg|png|gif|css|js|swf|bmp|jsp|php|asp)$ { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://stack_pools; } } } [root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png 1.4 根据客户端标识进行分离 http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream stack_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; } upstream dynamic_pools { server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { if ($http_user_agent ~* "MSIE") { proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "firefox") { proxy_pass http://stack_pools; } } proxy_set_header Host $host; } } [root@web1 image]# echo stack_web>> /var/www/www/test.html [root@web1 image]# systemctl restart httpd [root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic_web>>/var/www/www/test.html [root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd 分别使用IE和火狐浏览器访问 http://www.lbtest.com/test.html 1.5 使用客户端的pc和移动分离 http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream stack_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; } upstream dynamic_pools { server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone") { proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "android") { proxy_pass http://stack_pools; } } proxy_set_header Host $host; } } 分别使用安卓和iphone访问测试 http://www.lbtest.com/test.html 二 、优化
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time =600 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000 65000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16348 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384 net.core.somaxconn = 16384 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 18364
简单介绍keepalive和nginx 配置keepalived实现nginx负载均衡的高可用 keepalive更适合于见得IP漂移,如果资源服务有控制,heartbeat更适合,比如存储方向的高可用 三、 nginx反向代理的健康检查 nginx做反向代理的时候,当后端就的服务器出现宕机的时候,ngixn不能把这台realserver剔除upstream的,所以还会把请求转发到后端的这台realserve上,虽然nginx可以在localtion中启用proxy_next_upstream来解决返回给客户的错误页面,但这个还会会把请求转发转给这台服务器,然后再转发别的服务器,这样就浪费了一次转发,借助淘宝团队开发的nginx模块nginx_upstream_check_module来检测后方的realserver的健康状态,如果后端服务器不可用,则所有的请求不转发到这台服务器 check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000; 3.1 直接添加到配置文件
worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream web_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; # server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup; check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://web_pools; } } }
nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "check" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:14 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed 检查失败 下载nginx的模块https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module,使用nginx打上模块的安装,当做nginx的升级 3.2 下载模块 [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install git [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# git clone https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module.git [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Apr 13 00:57 nginx_upstream_check_module [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd nginx_upstream_check_module/ [root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# ll -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 13 00:57 CHANGES -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7921 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.1+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8330 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.5+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8060 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.12.1+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8054 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.14.0+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5483 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.1.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7130 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.2+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7094 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.6+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6791 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.5.12+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8295 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.2+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8346 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.5+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8509 Apr 13 00:57 check_1.9.2+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6943 Apr 13 00:57 check.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 749 Apr 13 00:57 config drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 43 Apr 13 00:57 doc -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1709 Apr 13 00:57 nginx-sticky-module.patch drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 29 Apr 13 00:57 nginx-tests -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 112010 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.c -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 529 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.h -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2848 Apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_jvm_route_module.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11509 Apr 13 00:57 README drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 79 Apr 13 00:57 test -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3342 Apr 13 00:57 upstream_fair.patch drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 81 Apr 13 00:57 util 3.3 打补丁 [root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# cd ../ [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install patch 注:因nginx版本更新,1.12以上版本的nginx,补丁为check_1.11.5+.patch [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# patch -p0 < ./nginx_upstream_check_module/check_1.11.5+.patch patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_hash_module.c patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module.c patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module.c patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.c patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.h 3.4 编译安装 [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ > --user=nginx --group=nginx \ > --with-http_ssl_module \ > --with-http_realip_module \ > --with-http_addition_module \ > --with-http_gzip_static_module \ > --with-http_stub_status_module \ > --with-http_sub_module \ > --with-pcre \ > --add-module=./nginx_upstream_check_module 出现一个新的目录 为objs
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 187 Apr 13 01:04 objs
sed -e "s|%%PREFIX%%|/usr/local/nginx|" \ -e "s|%%PID_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" \ -e "s|%%CONF_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" \ -e "s|%%ERROR_LOG_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" \ < man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8 make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2'
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 41 Apr 13 01:04 addon -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16895 Apr 13 01:04 autoconf.err -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42396 Apr 13 01:04 Makefile -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5993600 Apr 13 01:06 nginx #nginx新的可执行文件 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5341 Apr 13 01:06 nginx.8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7202 Apr 13 01:04 ngx_auto_config.h -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 657 Apr 13 01:03 ngx_auto_headers.h -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6412 Apr 13 01:04 ngx_modules.c -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 87120 Apr 13 01:06 ngx_modules.o drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 91 Apr 3 22:38 src 备份就得ngxin,并拷贝新的nginx [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ [root@node2 sbin]# mv nginx nginx.bak [root@node2 sbin]# cp /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin [root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[root@node2 sbin]# id nginx
[root@node2 sbin]# useradd nginx [root@node2 sbin]# id nginx
[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop [root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [root@node2 ~]# nginx -t
成功安装 3.5 配置 worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream web_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; # server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup; check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_pass http://web_pools; } location /nstatus{ check_status; access_log off; } } } [root@node2 conf]# nginx -s reload 3.6 访问测试 两个状态正常 关掉一个 [root@web1 image]# systemctl stop httpd 关掉两个 [root@web2 ~]# systemctl stop httpd 开启一个 [root@web1 image]# systemctl start httpd [root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd 成功实现后端检查功能 以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持极客世界。 |
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