部署维护docker环境的详细教程

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1,安装环境说明

系统环境：centos6.6

服务应用了: haproxy confd etcd docker

主机名 ip　　　　服务角色

dockerha-152 　　192.168.36.152 haproxy confd

dockerEtcd-153 192.168.36.153 etcd

dockermain-154 192.168.36.154 docker

2,安装依懒包，关闭冲突的服务

官方文档要求Linux kernel至少3.8以上，且docker只能运行在64位的系统中。由于RHEL6和CentOS6的内核版本为2.6，因此必须要先升级内核。

cd /etc/yum.repos.d 
wget http://www.hop5.in/yum/el6/hop5.repo
yum install kernel-ml-aufs kernel-ml-aufs-devel -y

修改grub的主配置文件/etc/grub.conf，设置default=0，表示第一个title下的内容为默认启动的kernel（一般新安装的内核在第一个位置）。

然后重启，重启系统，这时候你的内核就成功升级了,版本应该在３.８以上了，

uname -r 
[root@dockermain-154 shell]# uname -r

3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64

sed -i '/^SELINUX=/c\SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

在Fedora EPEL源中已经提供了docker-io包，下载安装epel：

rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm 
sed -i 's/^mirrorlist=https/mirrorlist=http/' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

3,安装组件

(1)haproxy confd

dockerha-152上操作

1、haproxy

# yum –y install haproxy

2、confd

# wget https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/releases/download/v0.6.3/confd-0.6.3-linux-amd64 
# mv confd /usr/local/bin/confd 
# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/confd 
# /usr/local/bin/confd -version

(2)etcd

dockerEtcd-153上操作

# mkdir -p /home/install && cd /home/install 
# wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v0.4.6/etcd-v0.4.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
# tar -zxvf etcd-v0.4.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
# cd etcd-v0.4.6-linux-amd64 
# cp etcd* /bin/ 
# /bin/etcd -version 
etcd version 0.4.6

(3)Docker

# yum -y install docker-io 
# service docker start 
# chkconfig docker on

4,docker命令使用

(1)查看帮助

docker COMMAND --help

(2)搜索可用的境像

docker search name 如示例：

[root@dockermain-154 src]# docker search centos
NAME        DESCRIPTION          STARS  OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
centos        The official build of CentOS.     817  [OK]  
ansible/centos7-ansible    Ansible on Centos7        30     [OK]
tutum/centos      Centos image with SSH access. For the root... 13     [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php  CentOS-6 6.5 x86_64 / Apache / PHP / PHP m... 8     [OK]
blalor/centos      Bare-bones base CentOS 6.5 image    8     [OK]
jprjr/centos-php-fpm                6     [OK]
steeef/graphite-centos    CentOS 6.x with Graphite and Carbon via ng... 6     [OK]
tutum/centos-6.4     DEPRECATED. Use tutum/centos:6.4 instead. ... 5     [OK]
layerworx/centos     A general CentOS 6 image with the EPEL6 an... 2     [OK]
jr42/chef-solo-centos    Official CentOS base images with current c... 1     [OK]
million12/centos-supervisor   Base CentOS-7 with supervisord launcher, h... 1     [OK]
internavenue/centos-percona   Centos-based Percona image.      1     [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh     CentOS-6 6.5 x86_64 / EPEL Repo. / OpenSSH... 1     [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh-mysql   CentOS-6 6.5 x86_64 / MySQL. Image include... 1     [OK]
yajo/centos-epel     CentOS with EPEL and fully updated    1     [OK]
nimmis/java-centos     This is docker images of CentOS 7 with dif... 0     [OK]
lighthopper/orientdb-centos   A Dockerfile for creating an OrientDB imag... 0     [OK]
bbrietzke/centos-starter   CentOS 7 with EPEL and SupervisorD    0     [OK]
tcnksm/centos-node     Dockerfile for CentOS packaging node   0     [OK]
insaneworks/centos     CentOS 6.5 x86_64 + @update      0     [OK]
snowyday/centos      Provide for emacs and Ricty font on X11 en... 0     [OK]
dmglab/centos      CentOS with superpowers!      0     [OK]
akroh/centos      Centos 6 container that has been updated w... 0     [OK]
timhughes/centos     Centos with systemd installed and running  0     [OK]
solict/provisionous-puppet-centos CentOS provisions with Puppet included   0     [OK]

(3)下载镜像

注意镜像名称要写全，就是用docker search name 搜出来的NAME列的名称。

docker pull name　如示例：

[root@dockermain-154 src]# docker pull jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php
Pulling repository jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php
........
62203f428b1f: Download complete 
e1812755a4ca: Download complete 
0910edda3736: Download complete 
Status: Downloaded newer image for jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php:latest

(4)查看已安装的镜像

[root@dockermain-154 src]# docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG     IMAGE ID   CREATED    VIRTUAL SIZE
centos       latest    dade6cb4530a  10 days ago   210.1 MB
jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php latest    f1a489312a4a  3 months ago  297.7 MB

(5)docker容器中运行命令

docker run命令有两个参数，一个是镜像名，一个是要在镜像中运行的命令。注意：IMAGE=REPOSITORY[:TAG]，如果IMAGE参数不指定镜像的TAG，默认TAG为latest。

[root@dockermain-154 run]# sudo docker run jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php echo 'hello world!'
hello world!
[root@dockermain-154 run]# sudo docker run jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php hostname
db7e1d2269fb

(6)列出容器

查看最近生成的容器：docker ps -l

查看正在运行的容器：docker ps

 [root@dockermain-154 run]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED    STATUS      PORTS    NAMES
db7e1d2269fb  jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php:latest "hostname"   27 seconds ago  Exited (0) 26 seconds ago      adoring_babbage

(7)显示容器标准输出

[root@dockermain-154 run]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED    STATUS      PORTS    NAMES
db7e1d2269fb  jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php:latest "hostname"   27 seconds ago  Exited (0) 26 seconds ago      adoring_babbage  
[root@dockermain-154 run]# docker logs db7e1d2269fb
db7e1d2269fb

(8)给容器中安装程序或服务

[root@dockermain-154 run]# sudo docker run centos yum install -y httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
..........

Dependency Installed:

 apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7              
 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7             
 centos-logos.noarch 0:70.0.6-1.el7.centos          
 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-19.el7.centos          
 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7

Failed:

httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-19.el7.centos

Complete!

(9)保存对容器中的修改并生成新的镜像

docker commit CONTAINERID [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

REPOSITORY参数可以是新的镜像名字，也可以是旧的镜像名；如果和旧的镜像名和TAG都相同，会覆盖掉旧的镜像。

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker commit bd7cc4f4ac92 centos:httpd
1e0915f3247b86414ebc11fd994fc6abfb590ff3b1ab890949c845ee88b2d9f4
[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG     IMAGE ID   CREATED    VIRTUAL SIZE
centos       httpd    1e0915f3247b  9 seconds ago  320.8 MB
centos       latest    dade6cb4530a  10 days ago   210.1 MB
jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php latest    f1a489312a4a  3 months ago  297.7 MB

(10)停止正在运行的容器

(11)查看容器或镜像详情

下面是我刚保存提交产生的新的容器

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker inspect 943e45b6e5f3
[{
 "AppArmorProfile": "",
 "Args": [],
 "Config": {
  "AttachStderr": true,
  "AttachStdin": true,
  "AttachStdout": true,
  "Cmd": [
   "/bin/bash"
  ],
  "CpuShares": 0,
  "Cpuset": "",
  "Domainname": "",
  "Entrypoint": null,
  "Env": [
   "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
  ],
  "ExposedPorts": null,
  "Hostname": "943e45b6e5f3",
  "Image": "centos:httpd",
  "MacAddress": "",
  "Memory": 0,
  "MemorySwap": 0,
  "NetworkDisabled": false,
  "OnBuild": null,
  "OpenStdin": true,
  "PortSpecs": null,
  "StdinOnce": true,
  "Tty": true,
  "User": "",
  "Volumes": null,
  "WorkingDir": ""
 },

(12)删除容器

docker rm CONTAINERID

查看所有容器ID：docker ps -a -q

删除所有的容器：docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

(13)删除镜像

docker rmi IMAGE

(14)查看docker的信息，包括Containers和Images数目、kernel版本等

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker info
Containers: 14
Images: 56
Storage Driver: aufs
 Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs
 Dirs: 89
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Kernel Version: 3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64
Operating System: <unknown>
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 989.6 MiB
Name: dockermain-154
ID: W4PW:W3XR:FQZE:SBAA:2DS2:BM6N:DV5B:ARF2:3SZM:XGST:5ZF7:DFZV
WARNING: No swap limit support

(15)创建容器，并像平常ssh登录一样使用

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
[root@7c0414d03fe7 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的部署维护docker环境的详细教程，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对极客世界网站的支持！