在线时间:8:00-16:00
迪恩网络APP
随时随地掌握行业动态
扫描二维码
关注迪恩网络微信公众号
nginx配置文件主要分为四个部分: main{#(全局设置) http{#服务器 upstream{} #(负载均衡服务器设置:主要用于负载均衡和设置一系列的后端服务器) server{ #(主机设置:主要用于指定主机和端口) location{}#(URL匹配特点位置的设置) } } } server继承main,location继承server,upstream即不会继承其他设置也不会被继承。 一、main 全局配置 nginx在运行时与具体业务功能(比如http服务或者email服务代理)无关的一些参数,比如工作进程数,运行的身份等。 user www www; worker_processes 4; worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000; error_log /var/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
二、events模块 events{ use epoll; worker_connections 65536; }
三、http服务器 http{ include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #charset gb2312; }
3.1 HTTP参数之客户端head缓存 server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 128k; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; sendfile on ; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65 : client_body_timeout 60s; send_timeout 60s;
3.2 HTTP参数之FastCGI参数 FastCGI相关参数是为了改善网站的性能:减少资源占用,提高访问速度。下面参数看字面意思都能理解。 fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; fastcgi_cache TEST; fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=TEST:10m inactive=5m; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h; fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d; fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
3.3. HTTP参数之gzip模块设置 gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_types text/html text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml; gzip_vary on;
四、nginx 配置虚拟主机 4.1 配置虚拟主机流程
http服务上支持若干虚拟主机。每个虚拟主机一个对应的server配置项,配置项里面包含该虚拟主机相关的配置。在提供mail服务的代理时,也可以建立若干server。每个server通过监听地址或端口来区分。 server{ listen 80 default; server_name _; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data/htdocs/www; #server_name_in_redirect off; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?${ #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${ expires 30d; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${ expires 1h; } }
4.2 sever模块下location模块的写法 关于location匹配规则的写法,参考死磕nginx系列–使用nginx做负载均衡
请求转向backend定义的服务器列表,即反向代理,对应upstream负载均衡器。也可以 proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 五、其它nginx参数 5.1 访问控制 allow/deny Nginx 的访问控制模块默认就会安装,而且写法也非常简单,可以分别有多个allow,deny,允许或禁止某个ip或ip段访问,依次满足任何一个规则就停止往下匹配。如: location /nginx-status { stub_status on; access_log off; # auth_basic "NginxStatus"; # auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx-1.6/htpasswd; allow 192.168.10.100; allow 172.29.73.0/24; deny all; } 我们也常用 httpd-devel 工具的 htpasswd 来为访问的路径设置登录密码: # htpasswd -c htpasswd admin New passwd: Re-type new password: Adding password for user admin # htpasswd htpasswd admin //修改admin密码 # htpasswd htpasswd sean //多添加一个认证用户 这样就生成了默认使用CRYPT加密的密码文件。打开上面nginx-status的两行注释,重启nginx生效。 5.2 列出目录 autoindex Nginx默认是不允许列出整个目录的。如需此功能,打开nginx.conf文件,在location,server 或 http段中加入如下参数: location /images { root /var/www/nginx-default/images; autoindex on; autoindex_exact_size off; autoindex_localtime on; }
六、附录:通用配置文件 user www www; worker_processes 2; error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; pid logs/nginx.pid; events { use epoll; worker_connections 2048; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; # tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; # gzip压缩功能设置 gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_types text/html text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml; gzip_vary on; # http_proxy 设置 client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 75; proxy_send_timeout 75; proxy_read_timeout 75; proxy_buffer_size 4k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp 1 2; # 设定负载均衡后台服务器列表 upstream backend { #ip_hash; server 192.168.10.100:8080 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s ; server 192.168.10.101:8080 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s ; } # 很重要的虚拟主机配置,多个虚拟机可以复制修改此部分 server { listen 80; server_name test.example.com; root /apps/oaapp; charset utf-8; access_log logs/host.access.log main; #对 / 所有做负载均衡+反向代理 location / { root /apps/oaapp; index index.php index.html index.htm; proxy_pass http://backend; proxy_redirect off; # 后端的Web服务器可以通过X-Forwarded-For获取用户真实IP proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504; } #静态文件,nginx自己处理,不去backend请求后端的服务 location ~* /download/ { root /data/app/nginx/downloads; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ { root /data/app/nginx/images; expires 7d; } location /nginx_status { stub_status on; access_log off; allow 192.168.10.0/24; deny all; } location ~ ^/(WEB-INF)/ { deny all; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } } 六、附录:如何查看是否开启了gzip压缩 如果 Connection:keep-alive Content-Encoding:gzip Content-Type:text/html Date:Wed, 29 Mar 2017 10:55:54 GMT ETag:W/"58db92af-331a6" Last-Modified:Wed, 29 Mar 2017 10:55:43 GMT Server:nginx/1.10.3 Transfer-Encoding:chunked Vary:Accept-Encoding 参考文档 Full Example Configuration 到此这篇关于详解nginx 配置文件解读的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关nginx 配置文件内容请搜索极客世界以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持极客世界! |
请发表评论