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Compose是Docker的服务编排工具,主要用来构建基于Docker的复杂应用,Compose 通过一个配置文件来管理多个Docker容器,非常适合组合使用多个容器进行开发的场景。 说明:Compose是Fig的升级版,Fig已经不再维护。Compose向下兼容Fig,所有 服务编排工具使得Docker应用管理更为方便快捷。 Compose网站:https://docs.docker.com/compose/ 安装Compose: # 方法一: $ curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose $ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose # Linux下等效于 $ curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.1/docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose; chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose # 方法二:使用pip安装,版本可能比较旧 $ yum install python-pip python-dev $ pip install docker-compose # 方法三:作为容器安装 $ curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.0/run.sh > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose $ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose # 方法四:离线安装 # 下载[docker-compose-Linux-x86_64](https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.1/docker-compose-Linux-x86_64),然后重新命名添加可执行权限即可: $ mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose; $ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose # 百度云地址: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1slEOIC1 密码: qmca # docker官方离线地址:https://dl.bintray.com/docker-compose/master/ 安装完成后可以查看版本: # docker-compose --version docker-compose 1.8.1 升级 如果你使用的是 Compose 1.2或者早期版本,当你升级完成后,你需要删除或者迁移你现有的容器。这是因为,1.3版本, Composer 使用 Docker 标签来对容器进行检测,所以它们需要重新创建索引标记。 卸载 $ rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose # 卸载使用pip安装的compose $ pip uninstall docker-compose Compose区分Version 1和Version 2(Compose 1.6.0+,Docker Engine 1.10.0+)。Version 2支持更多的指令。Version 1没有声明版本默认是"version 1"。Version 1将来会被弃用。 版本1指的是忽略 入门示例 一般步骤 1、定义Dockerfile,方便迁移到任何地方; 示例 准备工作:提前下载好镜像: docker pull mysql docker pull wordpress 需要新建一个空白目录,例如wptest。新建一个docker-compose.yml version: '2' services: web: image: wordpress:latest links: - db ports: - "8002:80" environment: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306 WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: 123456 db: image: mysql environment: - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 以上命令的意思是新建db和wordpress容器。等同于: $ docker run --name db -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql $ docker run --name some-wordpress --link db:mysql -p 8002:80 -d wordpress 注意,如果你是直接从fig迁移过来的,且 好,我们启动应用: # docker-compose up Creating wptest_db_1... Creating wptest_wordpress_1... Attaching to wptest_db_1, wptest_wordpress_1 wordpress_1 | Complete! WordPress has been successfully copied to /var/www/html 就成功了。浏览器访问 http://localhost:8002(或 http://host-ip:8002)即可。 默认是前台运行并打印日志到控制台。如果想后台运行,可以: docker-compose up -d 服务后台后,可以使用下列命令查看状态: # docker-compose ps Name Command State Ports ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- figtest_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 3306/tcp figtest_wordpress_1 docker-entrypoint.sh apach ... Up 0.0.0.0:8002->80/tcp # docker-compose logs Attaching to wptest_wordpress_1, wptest_db_1 db_1 | 2016-10-4T14:38:46.98030Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). db_1 | 2016-10-4T14:38:46.99974Z 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.7.15) starting as process 1 ... db_1 | 2016-10-4T14:38:46.27191Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available 停止服务: # docker-compose stop Stopping wptest_wordpress_1... Stopping wptest_db_1... 重新启动服务: docker-compose restart docker-compose.yml参考 每个docker-compose.yml必须定义image或者build中的一个,其它的是可选的。 image 指定镜像tag或者ID。示例: image: redis image: ubuntu:14.04 image: tutum/influxdb image: example-registry.com:4000/postgresql image: a4bc65fd 注意,在 build 用来指定一个包含 注意,在 build: ./dir build: context: ./dir dockerfile: Dockerfile-alternate args: buildno: 1
Dockerfile: ARG buildno ARG password RUN echo "Build number: $buildno" RUN script-requiring-password.sh "$password" docker-compose.yml: build: context: . args: buildno: 1 password: secret build: context: . args: - buildno=1 - password=secret command 用来覆盖缺省命令。示例: command: bundle exec thin -p 3000 command也支持数组形式: command: [bundle, exec, thin, -p, 3000] links 用于链接另一容器服务,如需要使用到另一容器的mysql服务。可以给出服务名和别名;也可以仅给出服务名,这样别名将和服务名相同。同docker run --link。示例: links: - db - db:mysql - redis 使用了别名将自动会在容器的/etc/hosts文件里创建相应记录: 172.17.2.186 db 172.17.2.186 mysql 172.17.2.187 redis 所以我们在容器里就可以直接使用别名作为服务的主机名。 ports 用于暴露端口。同 ports: - "3000" - "8000:8000" - "49100:22" - "127.0.0.1:8001:8001" expose expose提供container之间的端口访问,不会暴露给主机使用。同docker run --expose。 expose: - "3000" - "8000" volumes 挂载数据卷。同 volumes: - /var/lib/mysql - cache/:/tmp/cache - ~/configs:/etc/configs/:ro volumes_from 挂载数据卷容器,挂载是容器。同docker volumes_from: - service_name - service_name:ro - container:container_name - container:container_name:rw
environment 添加环境变量。同 environment: RACK_ENV: development SESSION_SECRET: environment: - RACK_ENV=development - SESSION_SECRET depends_on 用于指定服务依赖,一般是mysql、redis等。 指定了依赖,将会优先于服务创建并启动依赖。
external_links 链接搭配 external_links: - redis_1 - project_db_1:mysql - project_db_1:postgresql 注意, extra_hosts 添加主机名映射。 extra_hosts: - "somehost:162.242.195.82" - "otherhost:50.31.209.229" 将会在 162.242.195.82 somehost 50.31.209.229 otherhost extends 继承自当前yml文件或者其它文件中定义的服务,可以选择性的覆盖原有配置。 extends: file: common.yml service: webapp service必须有,file可选。service是需要继承的服务,例如web、database。 net 设置网络模式。同docker的 net: "bridge" net: "none" net: "container:[name or id]" net: "host" dns 自定义dns服务器。 dns: 8.8.8.8 dns: - 8.8.8.8 - 9.9.9.9 cpu_shares, cpu_quota, cpuset, domainname, hostname, ipc, mac_address, mem_limit, memswap_limit, privileged, read_only, restart, shm_size, stdin_open, tty, user, working_dir 这些命令都是单个值,含义请参考docker run。 cpu_shares: 73 cpu_quota: 50000 cpuset: 0,1 user: postgresql working_dir: /code domainname: foo.com hostname: foo ipc: host mac_address: 02:42:ac:11:65:43 mem_limit: 1000000000 mem_limit: 128M memswap_limit: 2000000000 privileged: true restart: always read_only: true shm_size: 64M stdin_open: true tty: true 命令行参考 $ docker-compose Define and run multi-container applications with Docker. Usage: docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...] docker-compose -h|--help Options: -f, --file FILE Specify an alternate compose file (default: docker-compose.yml) -p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name) --verbose Show more output -v, --version Print version and exit -H, --host HOST Daemon socket to connect to --tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify --tlscacert CA_PATH Trust certs signed only by this CA --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH Path to TLS certificate file --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH Path to TLS key file --tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote --skip-hostname-check Don't check the daemon's hostname against the name specified in the client certificate (for example if your docker host is an IP address) Commands: build Build or rebuild services bundle Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file config Validate and view the compose file create Create services down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes events Receive real time events from containers exec Execute a command in a running container help Get help on a command kill Kill containers logs View output from containers pause Pause services port Print the public port for a port binding ps List containers pull Pulls service images push Push service images restart Restart services rm Remove stopped containers run Run a one-off command scale Set number of containers for a service start Start services stop Stop services unpause Unpause services up Create and start containers version Show the Docker-Compose version information 批处理脚本 # 关闭所有正在运行容器 docker ps | awk '{print $1}' | xargs docker stop # 删除所有容器应用 docker ps -a | awk '{print $1}' | xargs docker rm # 或者 docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) 参考: 1、Overview of Docker Compose - Docker 2、library/mysql - Docker Hub 3、library/wordpress - Docker Hub 以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持极客世界。 |
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