docker镜像的导入和导出的实现

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gitlab 的docker使用

gitlab docker

启动命令

docker run -d -p 3000:80 twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3

docker run -d -p 8080:80 gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest

将容器修改提交到镜像

# 进入容器内部
[root@#localhost docker]# docker run -ti ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
root@812a997f614a:/# id 
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

#做了一些修改
root@812a997f614a:/# echo update>update.txt
root@812a997f614a:/# exit
exit

[root@#localhost docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE             COMMAND         CREATED       STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
812a997f614a    ubuntu:14.04          "/bin/bash"       7 minutes ago    Exited (0) 22 seconds ago                        zealous_euler
69304dea46c7    gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest    "/assets/wrapper"    About an hour ago  Exited (127) 44 minutes ago                       competent_minsky
67ba866e21b0    gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest    "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (137) About an hour ago                      hungry_hoover
2a3d08a0a2ff    twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3  "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (137) About an hour ago                      nervous_wozniak
6db49540be99    twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3  "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (255) 2 hours ago     22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3000->80/tcp  romantic_elion
b08a6d6ed716    gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest    "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (255) 2 hours ago     22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp  competent_brahmagupta
33fd0b1ebd27    gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest    "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (127) 2 hours ago                         loving_brattain
6f53620a930c    twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3  "/assets/wrapper"    3 hours ago     Exited (127) 2 hours ago                         brave_galileo
88df78f77c4e    ubuntu:14.04          "sleep 360"       4 days ago     Exited (137) 4 days ago                         testcopy
81a879a36bd3    wordpress           "docker-entrypoint..."  4 days ago     Exited (0) 4 days ago                          wordpress
a57a3cc492b7    mysql             "docker-entrypoint..."  4 days ago     Exited (0) 4 days ago                          mysqlwp

# 将修改多的镜像保存成一个新的
[root@#localhost docker]# docker commit 812a997f614a ubuntu:update
sha256:317f102584605694da424bc96764559a1ccfda13943353f4cbdfd89c96515e6b

[root@#localhost docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY         TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
ubuntu           update       317f10258460    5 seconds ago    188 MB
twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh   9.0.3        36172b5fefab    44 hours ago    1.19 GB
gitlab/gitlab-ce      latest       5eff2e44957c    2 days ago     1.11 GB
mysql            latest       9546ca122d3a    8 days ago     407 MB
wordpress          latest       4ad41adc2794    2 weeks ago     401 MB
ubuntu           14.04        7c09e61e9035    5 weeks ago     188 MB
daocloud.io/library/nginx  1.7.1        e3e043d3ed2f    2 years ago     499 MB

# 查看修改多的镜像和原来镜像之间的差异
[root@#localhost docker]# docker diff 812a997f614a
C /var
C /var/cache
C /var/cache/apt
D /var/cache/apt/srcpkgcache.bin
D /var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
C /var/lib
C /var/lib/apt
C /var/lib/apt/lists
A /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
A /var/lib/apt/lists/partial
A /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_trusty-updates_InRelease
A /update.txt
C /root
A /root/.bash_history
[root@#localhost docker]#

镜像的导入和导出

export 和improt

[root@#localhost docker]# docker run -ti ubuntu:update /bin/bash
root@cbe3cb7799ed:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp update.txt usr var

[root@#localhost docker]# 
[root@#localhost docker]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE             COMMAND         CREATED       STATUS            PORTS                  NAMES
cbe3cb7799ed    ubuntu:update         "/bin/bash"       47 seconds ago   Exited (1) 6 seconds ago                       adoring_kare
812a997f614a    ubuntu:14.04          "/bin/bash"       16 minutes ago   Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                       zealous_euler
69304dea46c7    gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest    "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (127) 53 minutes ago                      competent_minsky
67ba866e21b0    gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest    "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (137) 2 hours ago                       hungry_hoover
2a3d08a0a2ff    twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3  "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (137) 2 hours ago                       nervous_wozniak
6db49540be99    twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3  "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (255) 2 hours ago   22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3000->80/tcp  romantic_elion
b08a6d6ed716    gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest    "/assets/wrapper"    2 hours ago     Exited (255) 2 hours ago   22/tcp, 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp  competent_brahmagupta
33fd0b1ebd27    gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest    "/assets/wrapper"    3 hours ago     Exited (127) 2 hours ago                       loving_brattain
6f53620a930c    twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh:9.0.3  "/assets/wrapper"    3 hours ago     Exited (127) 2 hours ago                       brave_galileo
88df78f77c4e    ubuntu:14.04          "sleep 360"       4 days ago     Exited (137) 4 days ago                        testcopy
81a879a36bd3    wordpress           "docker-entrypoint..."  4 days ago     Exited (0) 4 days ago                         wordpress
a57a3cc492b7    mysql             "docker-entrypoint..."  4 days ago     Exited (0) 4 days ago                         mysqlwp

# 将镜像导出到文件
[root@#localhost docker]# docker export cbe3cb7799ed > update.tar


# 创建一个新静像从基于导出的文件
[root@#localhost /]# docker import - update < update.tar 
sha256:fd00d520a43eb5dc6cca8717fe0ca04cfdc53b02cad2fb5b50d877b8e6d6c3bc
[root@#localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY         TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
update           latest       fd00d520a43e    13 seconds ago   165 MB
ubuntu           update       317f10258460    11 minutes ago   188 MB
twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh   9.0.3        36172b5fefab    44 hours ago    1.19 GB
gitlab/gitlab-ce      latest       5eff2e44957c    2 days ago     1.11 GB
mysql            latest       9546ca122d3a    8 days ago     407 MB
wordpress          latest       4ad41adc2794    2 weeks ago     401 MB
ubuntu           14.04        7c09e61e9035    5 weeks ago     188 MB
daocloud.io/library/nginx  1.7.1        e3e043d3ed2f    2 years ago     499 MB
[root@#localhost /]#

save 和load

（像当与镜像的备份和恢复）

# update是一个已经存在的镜像
[root@#localhost /]# docker save -o update1.tar update
[root@#localhost /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp update1.tar update.tar usr var
[root@#localhost /]# du -sh update1.tar 
166M  update1.tar

# 删除update镜像
[root@#localhost /]# docker rmi update
Untagged: update:latest
Deleted: sha256:fd00d520a43eb5dc6cca8717fe0ca04cfdc53b02cad2fb5b50d877b8e6d6c3bc
Deleted: sha256:14cc8cd7b783152682835346e5fe90860a9feeb684866688692285319d4e97ad

[root@#localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY         TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
ubuntu           update       317f10258460    16 minutes ago   188 MB
twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh   9.0.3        36172b5fefab    44 hours ago    1.19 GB
gitlab/gitlab-ce      latest       5eff2e44957c    2 days ago     1.11 GB
mysql            latest       9546ca122d3a    8 days ago     407 MB
wordpress          latest       4ad41adc2794    2 weeks ago     401 MB
ubuntu           14.04        7c09e61e9035    5 weeks ago     188 MB
daocloud.io/library/nginx  1.7.1        e3e043d3ed2f    2 years ago     499 MB

#导入镜像
[root@#localhost /]# docker load < update1.tar 
14cc8cd7b783: Loading layer [==================================================>] 173.8 MB/173.8 MB
Loaded image: update:latest
[root@#localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY         TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
update           latest       fd00d520a43e    6 minutes ago    165 MB
ubuntu           update       317f10258460    17 minutes ago   188 MB
twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh   9.0.3        36172b5fefab    44 hours ago    1.19 GB
gitlab/gitlab-ce      latest       5eff2e44957c    2 days ago     1.11 GB
mysql            latest       9546ca122d3a    8 days ago     407 MB
wordpress          latest       4ad41adc2794    2 weeks ago     401 MB
ubuntu           14.04        7c09e61e9035    5 weeks ago     188 MB
daocloud.io/library/nginx  1.7.1        e3e043d3ed2f    2 years ago     499 MB
[root@#localhost /]#

Dockerfile

[root@#localhost ~]# mkdir docker_file
[root@#localhost ~]# cd docker_file/

[root@#localhost docker_file]# vi Dockerfile 

[root@#localhost docker_file]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM ubuntu:14.04

ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/echo"]

[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker build .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 1/2 : FROM ubuntu:14.04
 ---> 7c09e61e9035
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT /bin/echo
 ---> Running in d53f31b93355
 ---> 26dd06d2e5a5
Removing intermediate container d53f31b93355
Successfully built 26dd06d2e5a5

#运行镜像

[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 26dd06d2e5a5

#加入一个参数

[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 26dd06d2e5a5 hello world
hello world
[root@#localhost docker_file]# vi Dockerfile 
[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 26dd06d2e5a5 hello world
hello world


#
[root@#localhost docker_file]# cat Dockerfile 
FROM ubuntu:14.04

#ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/echo","Hi world!"]
CMD ["/bin/echo","Hi world!"]

[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker build .
[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 12458a717ced
Hi world!


[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker run 12458a717ced /bin/date 
Sat Apr 8 12:08:14 UTC 2017

构建的时候打个标签

[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker build -t yang:01 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.584 kB
Step 1/2 : FROM ubuntu:14.04
 ---> 7c09e61e9035
Step 2/2 : CMD /bin/echo Hi world!
 ---> Running in 94e510f085d7
 ---> 6b33c8a6a32f
Removing intermediate container 94e510f085d7
Successfully built 6b33c8a6a32f
[root@#localhost docker_file]# docker images
REPOSITORY         TAG         IMAGE ID      CREATED       SIZE
yang            01         6b33c8a6a32f    5 seconds ago    188 MB
update           latest       fd00d520a43e    29 minutes ago   165 MB
ubuntu           update       317f10258460    41 minutes ago   188 MB
twang2218/gitlab-ce-zh   9.0.3        36172b5fefab    44 hours ago    1.19 GB
gitlab/gitlab-ce      latest       5eff2e44957c    2 days ago     1.11 GB
mysql            latest       9546ca122d3a    8 days ago     407 MB
wordpress          latest       4ad41adc2794    2 weeks ago     401 MB
ubuntu           14.04        7c09e61e9035    5 weeks ago     188 MB
daocloud.io/library/nginx  1.7.1        e3e043d3ed2f    2 years ago     499 MB
[root@#localhost docker_file]#

构建实例

将flask应用打包的镜像中

编写python程序 hellp.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/hi')
def hello_world():
  return 'Hello World!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
  app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)

编写Dockerfile

FROM ubuntu:14.04

RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y python
RUN apt-get install -y python-pip
RUN apt-get clean all

RUN pip install flask

ADD hello.py /tmp/hello.py

EXPOSE 5000

CMD ["python","/tmp/hello.py"]

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