func baseType(t reflect.Type, expected reflect.Kind) (reflect.Type, error) {
	t = reflectx.Deref(t)
	if t.Kind() != expected {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected %s but got %s", expected, t.Kind())
	}
	return t, nil
}

func (r *Row) scanAny(dest interface{}, structOnly bool) error {
	if r.err != nil {
		return r.err
	}
	if r.rows == nil {
		r.err = sql.ErrNoRows
		return r.err
	}
	defer r.rows.Close()

	v := reflect.ValueOf(dest)
	if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
		return errors.New("must pass a pointer, not a value, to StructScan destination")
	}
	if v.IsNil() {
		return errors.New("nil pointer passed to StructScan destination")
	}

	base := reflectx.Deref(v.Type())
	scannable := isScannable(base)

	if structOnly && scannable {
		return structOnlyError(base)
	}

	columns, err := r.Columns()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if scannable && len(columns) > 1 {
		return fmt.Errorf("scannable dest type %s with >1 columns (%d) in result", base.Kind(), len(columns))
	}

	if scannable {
		return r.Scan(dest)
	}

	m := r.Mapper

	fields := m.TraversalsByName(v.Type(), columns)
	// if we are not unsafe and are missing fields, return an error
	if f, err := missingFields(fields); err != nil && !r.unsafe {
		return fmt.Errorf("missing destination name %s in %T", columns[f], dest)
	}
	values := make([]interface{}, len(columns))

	err = fieldsByTraversal(v, fields, values, true)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// scan into the struct field pointers and append to our results
	return r.Scan(values...)
}

// scanAll scans all rows into a destination, which must be a slice of any
// type.  If the destination slice type is a Struct, then StructScan will be
// used on each row.  If the destination is some other kind of base type, then
// each row must only have one column which can scan into that type.  This
// allows you to do something like:
//
//    rows, _ := db.Query("select id from people;")
//    var ids []int
//    scanAll(rows, &ids, false)
//
// and ids will be a list of the id results.  I realize that this is a desirable
// interface to expose to users, but for now it will only be exposed via changes
// to `Get` and `Select`.  The reason that this has been implemented like this is
// this is the only way to not duplicate reflect work in the new API while
// maintaining backwards compatibility.
func scanAll(rows rowsi, dest interface{}, structOnly bool) error {
	var v, vp reflect.Value

	value := reflect.ValueOf(dest)

	// json.Unmarshal returns errors for these
	if value.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
		return errors.New("must pass a pointer, not a value, to StructScan destination")
	}
	if value.IsNil() {
		return errors.New("nil pointer passed to StructScan destination")
	}
	direct := reflect.Indirect(value)

	slice, err := baseType(value.Type(), reflect.Slice)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	isPtr := slice.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Ptr
	base := reflectx.Deref(slice.Elem())
	scannable := isScannable(base)

	if structOnly && scannable {
		return structOnlyError(base)
	}

	columns, err := rows.Columns()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// if it's a base type make sure it only has 1 column;  if not return an error
	if scannable && len(columns) > 1 {
		return fmt.Errorf("non-struct dest type %s with >1 columns (%d)", base.Kind(), len(columns))
	}

	if !scannable {
		var values []interface{}
		var m *reflectx.Mapper

		switch rows.(type) {
		case *Rows:
			m = rows.(*Rows).Mapper
		default:
			m = mapper()
		}

		fields := m.TraversalsByName(base, columns)
		// if we are not unsafe and are missing fields, return an error
		if f, err := missingFields(fields); err != nil && !isUnsafe(rows) {
			return fmt.Errorf("missing destination name %s", columns[f])
		}
		values = make([]interface{}, len(columns))

		for rows.Next() {
			// create a new struct type (which returns PtrTo) and indirect it
			vp = reflect.New(base)
			v = reflect.Indirect(vp)

			err = fieldsByTraversal(v, fields, values, true)

			// scan into the struct field pointers and append to our results
			err = rows.Scan(values...)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			if isPtr {
				direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, vp))
			} else {
				direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, v))
			}
		}
	} else {
		for rows.Next() {
			vp = reflect.New(base)
			err = rows.Scan(vp.Interface())
			// append
			if isPtr {
				direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, vp))
			} else {
				direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, reflect.Indirect(vp)))
			}
		}
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// scanAll scans all rows into a destination, which must be a slice of any
// type.  If the destination slice type is a Struct, then StructScan will be
// used on each row.  If the destination is some other kind of base type, then
// each row must only have one column which can scan into that type.  This
// allows you to do something like:
//
//    rows, _ := db.Query("select id from people;")
//    var ids []int
//    scanAll(rows, &ids, false)
//
// and ids will be a list of the id results.  I realize that this is a desirable
// interface to expose to users, but for now it will only be exposed via changes
// to `Get` and `Select`.  The reason that this has been implemented like this is
// this is the only way to not duplicate reflect work in the new API while
// maintaining backwards compatibility.
func scanAll(rows rowsi, dest interface{}, structOnly bool) error {
	var v, vp reflect.Value

	value := reflect.ValueOf(dest)

	// json.Unmarshal returns errors for these
	if value.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
		return errors.New("must pass a pointer, not a value, to StructScan destination")
	}
	if value.IsNil() {
		return errors.New("nil pointer passed to StructScan destination")
	}
	direct := reflect.Indirect(value)

	slice, err := baseType(value.Type(), reflect.Slice)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	isPtr := slice.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Ptr
	base := reflectx.Deref(slice.Elem())
	isStruct := base.Kind() == reflect.Struct
	// check if a pointer to the slice type implements sql.Scanner; if it does, we
	// will treat this as a base type slice rather than a struct slice;  eg, we will
	// treat []sql.NullString as a single row rather than a struct with 2 scan targets.
	isScanner := reflect.PtrTo(base).Implements(_scannerInterface)

	// if we must have a struct and the base type isn't a struct, return an error.
	// this maintains API compatibility for StructScan, which is only important
	// because StructScan should involve structs and it feels gross to add more
	// weird junk to it.
	if structOnly {
		if !isStruct {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected %s but got %s", reflect.Struct, base.Kind())
		}
		if isScanner {
			return fmt.Errorf("structscan expects a struct dest but the provided struct type %s implements scanner", base.Name())
		}
	}

	columns, err := rows.Columns()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// if it's a base type make sure it only has 1 column;  if not return an error
	if !isStruct && len(columns) > 1 {
		return fmt.Errorf("non-struct dest type %s with >1 columns (%d)", base.Kind(), len(columns))
	}

	if isStruct && !isScanner {
		var values []interface{}
		var m *reflectx.Mapper

		switch rows.(type) {
		case *Rows:
			m = rows.(*Rows).Mapper
		default:
			m = mapper()
		}

		fields := m.TraversalsByName(base, columns)
		// if we are not unsafe and are missing fields, return an error
		if f, err := missingFields(fields); err != nil && !isUnsafe(rows) {
			return fmt.Errorf("missing destination name %s", columns[f])
		}
		values = make([]interface{}, len(columns))

		for rows.Next() {
			// create a new struct type (which returns PtrTo) and indirect it
			vp = reflect.New(base)
			v = reflect.Indirect(vp)

			err = fieldsByTraversal(v, fields, values, true)

			// scan into the struct field pointers and append to our results
			err = rows.Scan(values...)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			if isPtr {
				direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, vp))
			} else {
				direct.Set(reflect.Append(direct, v))
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

func (r *Row) scanAny(dest interface{}, structOnly bool) error {
	if r.err != nil {
		return r.err
	}
	defer r.rows.Close()

	v := reflect.ValueOf(dest)
	if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
		return errors.New("must pass a pointer, not a value, to StructScan destination")
	}
	if v.IsNil() {
		return errors.New("nil pointer passed to StructScan destination")
	}

	base := reflectx.Deref(v.Type())
	// We have a serious thing to consider here;  if this struct is a Scanner,
	// I think we should scan into it directly as a type and not a struct.  This
	// brings back some "isScanner" detection we got rid of previously, and makes
	// things a little bit more confusing, but it allows for use of NullString
	// and its ilk
	isStruct := base.Kind() == reflect.Struct
	_, isScanner := dest.(sql.Scanner)

	// only error out here if we require a struct but didn't get one
	if structOnly {
		if !isStruct {
			return fmt.Errorf("expected %s but got %s", reflect.Struct, base.Kind())
		}
		if isScanner {
			return fmt.Errorf("structscan expects a struct dest but the provided struct type %s implements scanner", base.Name())
		}
	}

	columns, err := r.Columns()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if !isStruct && len(columns) > 1 {
		return fmt.Errorf("non-struct or Scanner dest type %s with >1 columns (%d) in result", base.Kind(), len(columns))
	}

	if !isStruct || isScanner {
		return r.Scan(dest)
	}

	m := r.Mapper

	fields := m.TraversalsByName(v.Type(), columns)
	// if we are not unsafe and are missing fields, return an error
	if f, err := missingFields(fields); err != nil && !r.unsafe {
		return fmt.Errorf("missing destination name %s", columns[f])
	}
	values := make([]interface{}, len(columns))

	err = fieldsByTraversal(v, fields, values, true)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// scan into the struct field pointers and append to our results
	return r.Scan(values...)
}

// In expands slice values in args, returning the modified query string
// and a new arg list that can be executed by a database. The `query` should
// use the `?` bindVar.  The return value uses the `?` bindVar.
func In(query string, args ...interface{}) (string, []interface{}, error) {
	// argMeta stores reflect.Value and length for slices and
	// the value itself for non-slice arguments
	type argMeta struct {
		v      reflect.Value
		i      interface{}
		length int
	}

	var flatArgsCount int
	var anySlices bool

	meta := make([]argMeta, len(args))

	for i, arg := range args {
		v := reflect.ValueOf(arg)
		t := reflectx.Deref(v.Type())

		if t.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
			meta[i].length = v.Len()
			meta[i].v = v

			anySlices = true
			flatArgsCount += meta[i].length

			if meta[i].length == 0 {
				return "", nil, errors.New("empty slice passed to 'in' query")
			}
		} else {
			meta[i].i = arg
			flatArgsCount++
		}
	}

	// don't do any parsing if there aren't any slices;  note that this means
	// some errors that we might have caught below will not be returned.
	if !anySlices {
		return query, args, nil
	}

	newArgs := make([]interface{}, 0, flatArgsCount)

	var arg, offset int
	var buf bytes.Buffer

	for i := strings.IndexByte(query[offset:], '?'); i != -1; i = strings.IndexByte(query[offset:], '?') {
		if arg >= len(meta) {
			// if an argument wasn't passed, lets return an error;  this is
			// not actually how database/sql Exec/Query works, but since we are
			// creating an argument list programmatically, we want to be able
			// to catch these programmer errors earlier.
			return "", nil, errors.New("number of bindVars exceeds arguments")
		}

		argMeta := meta[arg]
		arg++

		// not a slice, continue.
		// our questionmark will either be written before the next expansion
		// of a slice or after the loop when writing the rest of the query
		if argMeta.length == 0 {
			offset = offset + i + 1
			newArgs = append(newArgs, argMeta.i)
			continue
		}

		// write everything up to and including our ? character
		buf.WriteString(query[:offset+i+1])

		newArgs = append(newArgs, argMeta.v.Index(0).Interface())

		for si := 1; si < argMeta.length; si++ {
			buf.WriteString(", ?")
			newArgs = append(newArgs, argMeta.v.Index(si).Interface())
		}

		// slice the query and reset the offset. this avoids some bookkeeping for
		// the write after the loop
		query = query[offset+i+1:]
		offset = 0
	}

	buf.WriteString(query)

	if arg < len(meta) {
		return "", nil, errors.New("number of bindVars less than number arguments")
	}

	return buf.String(), newArgs, nil
}