func TestPrettyPrintRange(t *testing.T) {
	tableKey := makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(61), encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, 4))
	tableKey2 := makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(61), encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, 500))

	testCases := []struct {
		start, end roachpb.Key
		maxChars   int
		expected   string
	}{
		{MinKey, tableKey, 8, "/{M…-T…}"},
		{MinKey, tableKey, 15, "/{Min-Tabl…}"},
		{MinKey, tableKey, 20, "/{Min-Table/6…}"},
		{MinKey, tableKey, 25, "/{Min-Table/61/4}"},
		{tableKey, tableKey2, 8, "/Table/…"},
		{tableKey, tableKey2, 15, "/Table/61/…"},
		{tableKey, tableKey2, 20, "/Table/61/{4-500}"},
		{tableKey, MaxKey, 10, "/{Ta…-Max}"},
		{tableKey, MaxKey, 20, "/{Table/6…-Max}"},
		{tableKey, MaxKey, 25, "/{Table/61/4-Max}"},
	}

	for i, tc := range testCases {
		var buf bytes.Buffer
		PrettyPrintRange(&buf, tc.start, tc.end, tc.maxChars)
		if str := buf.String(); str != tc.expected {
			t.Errorf("%d: expected \"%s\", got \"%s\"", i, tc.expected, str)
		}
	}
}

func (z *zeroSum) monkey(tableID uint32, d time.Duration) {
	r := newRand()
	zipf := z.accountDistribution(r)

	for {
		time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Float64() * float64(d)))

		key := keys.MakeTablePrefix(tableID)
		key = encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(key, int64(zipf.Uint64()))
		key = keys.MakeRowSentinelKey(key)

		switch r.Intn(2) {
		case 0:
			if err := z.Split(z.RandNode(r.Intn), key); err != nil {
				if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "range is already split at key") ||
					strings.Contains(err.Error(), storage.ErrMsgConflictUpdatingRangeDesc) {
					continue
				}
				z.maybeLogError(err)
			} else {
				atomic.AddUint64(&z.stats.splits, 1)
			}
		case 1:
			if transferred, err := z.TransferLease(z.RandNode(r.Intn), r, key); err != nil {
				z.maybeLogError(err)
			} else if transferred {
				atomic.AddUint64(&z.stats.transfers, 1)
			}
		}
	}
}

// MakeDataKey creates a time series data key for the given series name, source,
// Resolution and timestamp. The timestamp is expressed in nanoseconds since the
// epoch; it will be truncated to an exact multiple of the supplied
// Resolution's KeyDuration.
func MakeDataKey(name string, source string, r Resolution, timestamp int64) roachpb.Key {
	k := makeDataKeySeriesPrefix(name, r)

	// Normalize timestamp into a timeslot before recording.
	timeslot := timestamp / r.SlabDuration()
	k = encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(k, timeslot)
	k = append(k, source...)
	return k
}

func BenchmarkMVCCPutDelete_RocksDB(b *testing.B) {
	rocksdb := setupMVCCInMemRocksDB(b, "put_delete")
	defer rocksdb.Close()

	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(int64(timeutil.Now().UnixNano())))
	value := roachpb.MakeValueFromBytes(randutil.RandBytes(r, 10))
	zeroTS := hlc.ZeroTimestamp
	var blockNum int64

	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		blockID := r.Int63()
		blockNum++
		key := encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, blockID)
		key = encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(key, blockNum)

		if err := MVCCPut(context.Background(), rocksdb, nil, key, zeroTS, value, nil /* txn */); err != nil {
			b.Fatal(err)
		}
		if err := MVCCDelete(context.Background(), rocksdb, nil, key, zeroTS, nil /* txn */); err != nil {
			b.Fatal(err)
		}
	}
}

	StoreIDGenerator = roachpb.Key(makeKey(SystemPrefix, roachpb.RKey("store-idgen")))

	// StatusPrefix specifies the key prefix to store all status details.
	StatusPrefix = roachpb.Key(makeKey(SystemPrefix, roachpb.RKey("status-")))
	// StatusNodePrefix stores all status info for nodes.
	StatusNodePrefix = roachpb.Key(makeKey(StatusPrefix, roachpb.RKey("node-")))

	// TimeseriesPrefix is the key prefix for all timeseries data.
	TimeseriesPrefix = roachpb.Key(makeKey(SystemPrefix, roachpb.RKey("tsd")))

	// UpdateCheckPrefix is the key prefix for all update check times.
	UpdateCheckPrefix  = roachpb.Key(makeKey(SystemPrefix, roachpb.RKey("update-")))
	UpdateCheckCluster = roachpb.Key(makeKey(UpdateCheckPrefix, roachpb.RKey("cluster")))

	// TableDataMin is the start of the range of table data keys.
	TableDataMin = roachpb.Key(encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, math.MinInt64))
	// TableDataMin is the end of the range of table data keys.
	TableDataMax = roachpb.Key(encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, math.MaxInt64))

	// SystemConfigTableDataMax is the end key of system config structured data.
	SystemConfigTableDataMax = roachpb.Key(MakeTablePrefix(MaxSystemConfigDescID + 1))

	// UserTableDataMin is the start key of user structured data.
	UserTableDataMin = roachpb.Key(MakeTablePrefix(MaxReservedDescID + 1))

	// MaxKey is the infinity marker which is larger than any other key.
	MaxKey = roachpb.KeyMax
	// MinKey is a minimum key value which sorts before all other keys.
	MinKey = roachpb.KeyMin
)

func TestTableReader(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()

	s, sqlDB, kvDB := serverutils.StartServer(t, base.TestServerArgs{})
	defer s.Stopper().Stop()

	// Create a table where each row is:
	//
	//  |     a    |     b    |         sum         |         s           |
	//  |-----------------------------------------------------------------|
	//  | rowId/10 | rowId%10 | rowId/10 + rowId%10 | IntToEnglish(rowId) |

	aFn := func(row int) parser.Datum {
		return parser.NewDInt(parser.DInt(row / 10))
	}
	bFn := func(row int) parser.Datum {
		return parser.NewDInt(parser.DInt(row % 10))
	}
	sumFn := func(row int) parser.Datum {
		return parser.NewDInt(parser.DInt(row/10 + row%10))
	}

	sqlutils.CreateTable(t, sqlDB, "t",
		"a INT, b INT, sum INT, s STRING, PRIMARY KEY (a,b), INDEX bs (b,s)",
		99,
		sqlutils.ToRowFn(aFn, bFn, sumFn, sqlutils.RowEnglishFn))

	td := sqlbase.GetTableDescriptor(kvDB, "test", "t")

	makeIndexSpan := func(start, end int) TableReaderSpan {
		var span roachpb.Span
		prefix := roachpb.Key(sqlbase.MakeIndexKeyPrefix(td, td.Indexes[0].ID))
		span.Key = append(prefix, encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, int64(start))...)
		span.EndKey = append(span.EndKey, prefix...)
		span.EndKey = append(span.EndKey, encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, int64(end))...)
		return TableReaderSpan{Span: span}
	}

	testCases := []struct {
		spec     TableReaderSpec
		expected string
	}{
		{
			spec: TableReaderSpec{
				Filter:        Expression{Expr: "@3 < 5 AND @2 != 3"}, // sum < 5 && b != 3
				OutputColumns: []uint32{0, 1},
			},
			expected: "[[0 1] [0 2] [0 4] [1 0] [1 1] [1 2] [2 0] [2 1] [2 2] [3 0] [3 1] [4 0]]",
		},
		{
			spec: TableReaderSpec{
				Filter:        Expression{Expr: "@3 < 5 AND @2 != 3"},
				OutputColumns: []uint32{3}, // s
				HardLimit:     4,
			},
			expected: "[['one'] ['two'] ['four'] ['one-zero']]",
		},
		{
			spec: TableReaderSpec{
				IndexIdx:      1,
				Reverse:       true,
				Spans:         []TableReaderSpan{makeIndexSpan(4, 6)},
				Filter:        Expression{Expr: "@1 < 3"}, // sum < 8
				OutputColumns: []uint32{0, 1},
				SoftLimit:     1,
			},
			expected: "[[2 5] [1 5] [0 5] [2 4] [1 4] [0 4]]",
		},
	}

	for _, c := range testCases {
		ts := c.spec
		ts.Table = *td

		flowCtx := FlowCtx{
			Context:  context.Background(),
			evalCtx:  &parser.EvalContext{},
			txnProto: &roachpb.Transaction{},
			clientDB: kvDB,
		}

		out := &RowBuffer{}
		tr, err := newTableReader(&flowCtx, &ts, out)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatal(err)
		}
		tr.Run(nil)
		if out.err != nil {
			t.Fatal(out.err)
		}
		if !out.closed {
			t.Fatalf("output RowReceiver not closed")
		}
		if result := out.rows.String(); result != c.expected {
			t.Errorf("invalid results: %s, expected %s'", result, c.expected)
		}
	}
}

// EncodeTableKey encodes `val` into `b` and returns the new buffer.
func EncodeTableKey(b []byte, val parser.Datum, dir encoding.Direction) ([]byte, error) {
	if (dir != encoding.Ascending) && (dir != encoding.Descending) {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid direction: %d", dir)
	}

	if val == parser.DNull {
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeNullAscending(b), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeNullDescending(b), nil
	}

	switch t := val.(type) {
	case *parser.DBool:
		var x int64
		if *t {
			x = 1
		} else {
			x = 0
		}
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(b, x), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeVarintDescending(b, x), nil
	case *parser.DInt:
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(b, int64(*t)), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeVarintDescending(b, int64(*t)), nil
	case *parser.DFloat:
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(b, float64(*t)), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeFloatDescending(b, float64(*t)), nil
	case *parser.DDecimal:
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeDecimalAscending(b, &t.Dec), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeDecimalDescending(b, &t.Dec), nil
	case *parser.DString:
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeStringAscending(b, string(*t)), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeStringDescending(b, string(*t)), nil
	case *parser.DBytes:
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeStringAscending(b, string(*t)), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeStringDescending(b, string(*t)), nil
	case *parser.DDate:
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(b, int64(*t)), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeVarintDescending(b, int64(*t)), nil
	case *parser.DTimestamp:
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeTimeAscending(b, t.Time), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeTimeDescending(b, t.Time), nil
	case *parser.DTimestampTZ:
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeTimeAscending(b, t.Time), nil
		}
		return encoding.EncodeTimeDescending(b, t.Time), nil
	case *parser.DInterval:
		if dir == encoding.Ascending {
			return encoding.EncodeDurationAscending(b, t.Duration)
		}
		return encoding.EncodeDurationDescending(b, t.Duration)
	case *parser.DTuple:
		for _, datum := range *t {
			var err error
			b, err = EncodeTableKey(b, datum, dir)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		}
		return b, nil
	}
	return nil, errors.Errorf("unable to encode table key: %T", val)
}

func TestClusterFlow(t *testing.T) {
	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
	const numRows = 100

	args := base.TestClusterArgs{ReplicationMode: base.ReplicationManual}
	tc := serverutils.StartTestCluster(t, 3, args)
	defer tc.Stopper().Stop()

	sumDigitsFn := func(row int) parser.Datum {
		sum := 0
		for row > 0 {
			sum += row % 10
			row /= 10
		}
		return parser.NewDInt(parser.DInt(sum))
	}

	sqlutils.CreateTable(t, tc.ServerConn(0), "t",
		"num INT PRIMARY KEY, digitsum INT, numstr STRING, INDEX s (digitsum)",
		numRows,
		sqlutils.ToRowFn(sqlutils.RowIdxFn, sumDigitsFn, sqlutils.RowEnglishFn))

	kvDB := tc.Server(0).KVClient().(*client.DB)
	desc := sqlbase.GetTableDescriptor(kvDB, "test", "t")
	makeIndexSpan := func(start, end int) TableReaderSpan {
		var span roachpb.Span
		prefix := roachpb.Key(sqlbase.MakeIndexKeyPrefix(desc, desc.Indexes[0].ID))
		span.Key = append(prefix, encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, int64(start))...)
		span.EndKey = append(span.EndKey, prefix...)
		span.EndKey = append(span.EndKey, encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, int64(end))...)
		return TableReaderSpan{Span: span}
	}

	// Set up table readers on three hosts feeding data into a join reader on
	// the third host. This is a basic test for the distributed flow
	// infrastructure, including local and remote streams.
	//
	// Note that the ranges won't necessarily be local to the table readers, but
	// that doesn't matter for the purposes of this test.

	// Start a span (useful to look at spans using Lighstep).
	sp, err := tracing.JoinOrNew(tracing.NewTracer(), nil, "cluster test")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	ctx := opentracing.ContextWithSpan(context.Background(), sp)
	defer sp.Finish()

	tr1 := TableReaderSpec{
		Table:         *desc,
		IndexIdx:      1,
		OutputColumns: []uint32{0, 1},
		Spans:         []TableReaderSpan{makeIndexSpan(0, 8)},
	}

	tr2 := TableReaderSpec{
		Table:         *desc,
		IndexIdx:      1,
		OutputColumns: []uint32{0, 1},
		Spans:         []TableReaderSpan{makeIndexSpan(8, 12)},
	}

	tr3 := TableReaderSpec{
		Table:         *desc,
		IndexIdx:      1,
		OutputColumns: []uint32{0, 1},
		Spans:         []TableReaderSpan{makeIndexSpan(12, 100)},
	}

	jr := JoinReaderSpec{
		Table:         *desc,
		OutputColumns: []uint32{2},
	}

	txn := client.NewTxn(ctx, *kvDB)
	fid := FlowID{uuid.MakeV4()}

	req1 := &SetupFlowRequest{Txn: txn.Proto}
	req1.Flow = FlowSpec{
		FlowID: fid,
		Processors: []ProcessorSpec{{
			Core: ProcessorCoreUnion{TableReader: &tr1},
			Output: []OutputRouterSpec{{
				Type: OutputRouterSpec_MIRROR,
				Streams: []StreamEndpointSpec{
					{StreamID: 0, Mailbox: &MailboxSpec{TargetAddr: tc.Server(2).ServingAddr()}},
				},
			}},
		}},
	}

	req2 := &SetupFlowRequest{Txn: txn.Proto}
	req2.Flow = FlowSpec{
		FlowID: fid,
		Processors: []ProcessorSpec{{
			Core: ProcessorCoreUnion{TableReader: &tr2},
			Output: []OutputRouterSpec{{
				Type: OutputRouterSpec_MIRROR,
				Streams: []StreamEndpointSpec{
					{StreamID: 1, Mailbox: &MailboxSpec{TargetAddr: tc.Server(2).ServingAddr()}},
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

func TestPrettyPrint(t *testing.T) {

	tm, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, "2016-03-30T13:40:35.053725008Z")
	duration := duration.Duration{Months: 1, Days: 1, Nanos: 1 * time.Second.Nanoseconds()}
	durationAsc, _ := encoding.EncodeDurationAscending(nil, duration)
	durationDesc, _ := encoding.EncodeDurationDescending(nil, duration)
	txnID := uuid.MakeV4()

	// The following test cases encode keys with a mixture of ascending and descending direction,
	// but always decode keys in the ascending direction. This is why some of the decoded values
	// seem bizarre.
	testCases := []struct {
		key roachpb.Key
		exp string
	}{
		// local
		{StoreIdentKey(), "/Local/Store/storeIdent"},
		{StoreGossipKey(), "/Local/Store/gossipBootstrap"},

		{AbortCacheKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001), txnID), fmt.Sprintf(`/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/AbortCache/%q`, txnID)},
		{RaftTombstoneKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RaftTombstone"},
		{RaftAppliedIndexKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RaftAppliedIndex"},
		{LeaseAppliedIndexKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/LeaseAppliedIndex"},
		{RaftTruncatedStateKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RaftTruncatedState"},
		{RangeLeaseKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeLease"},
		{RangeStatsKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeStats"},
		{RangeTxnSpanGCThresholdKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), `/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeTxnSpanGCThreshold`},
		{RangeFrozenStatusKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeFrozenStatus"},
		{RangeLastGCKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/r/RangeLastGC"},

		{RaftHardStateKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RaftHardState"},
		{RaftLastIndexKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RaftLastIndex"},
		{RaftLogKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001), uint64(200001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RaftLog/logIndex:200001"},
		{RangeLastReplicaGCTimestampKey(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RangeLastReplicaGCTimestamp"},
		{RangeLastVerificationTimestampKeyDeprecated(roachpb.RangeID(1000001)), "/Local/RangeID/1000001/u/RangeLastVerificationTimestamp"},

		{MakeRangeKeyPrefix(roachpb.RKey("ok")), `/Local/Range/"ok"`},
		{RangeDescriptorKey(roachpb.RKey("111")), `/Local/Range/"111"/RangeDescriptor`},
		{TransactionKey(roachpb.Key("111"), txnID), fmt.Sprintf(`/Local/Range/"111"/Transaction/addrKey:/id:%q`, txnID)},

		{LocalMax, `/Meta1/""`}, // LocalMax == Meta1Prefix

		// system
		{makeKey(Meta2Prefix, roachpb.Key("foo")), `/Meta2/"foo"`},
		{makeKey(Meta1Prefix, roachpb.Key("foo")), `/Meta1/"foo"`},
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey("f")), `/Meta2/"f"`},

		{NodeLivenessKey(10033), "/System/NodeLiveness/10033"},
		{NodeStatusKey(1111), "/System/StatusNode/1111"},

		{SystemMax, "/System/Max"},

		// key of key
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey(MakeRangeKeyPrefix(roachpb.RKey("ok")))), `/Meta2/Local/Range/"ok"`},
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey(makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42), roachpb.RKey("foo")))), `/Meta2/Table/42/"foo"`},
		{RangeMetaKey(roachpb.RKey(makeKey(Meta2Prefix, roachpb.Key("foo")))), `/Meta1/"foo"`},

		// table
		{UserTableDataMin, "/Table/50"},
		{MakeTablePrefix(111), "/Table/111"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42), roachpb.RKey("foo")), `/Table/42/"foo"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(nil, float64(233.221112)))),
			"/Table/42/233.221112"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatDescending(nil, float64(-233.221112)))),
			"/Table/42/233.221112"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(nil, math.Inf(1)))),
			"/Table/42/+Inf"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeFloatAscending(nil, math.NaN()))),
			"/Table/42/NaN"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, 1222)),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeStringAscending(nil, "handsome man"))),
			`/Table/42/1222/"handsome man"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(nil, 1222))),
			`/Table/42/1222`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeVarintDescending(nil, 1222))),
			`/Table/42/-1223`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeBytesAscending(nil, []byte{1, 2, 8, 255}))),
			`/Table/42/"\x01\x02\b\xff"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeBytesAscending(nil, []byte{1, 2, 8, 255})),
			roachpb.RKey("bar")), `/Table/42/"\x01\x02\b\xff"/"bar"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeBytesDescending(nil, []byte{1, 2, 8, 255})),
			roachpb.RKey("bar")), `/Table/42/"\x01\x02\b\xff"/"bar"`},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeNullAscending(nil))), "/Table/42/NULL"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeNotNullAscending(nil))), "/Table/42/#"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
			roachpb.RKey(encoding.EncodeTimeAscending(nil, tm))),
			"/Table/42/2016-03-30T13:40:35.053725008Z"},
		{makeKey(MakeTablePrefix(42),
//.........这里部分代码省略.........

// makeDataKeySeriesPrefix creates a key prefix for a time series at a specific
// resolution.
func makeDataKeySeriesPrefix(name string, r Resolution) roachpb.Key {
	k := append(roachpb.Key(nil), keys.TimeseriesPrefix...)
	k = encoding.EncodeBytesAscending(k, []byte(name))
	k = encoding.EncodeVarintAscending(k, int64(r))
	return k
}