public void LoadContent(ContentManager content, GraphicsDeviceManager graphicsDeviceManager)
        {
            texture = content.Load<Texture2D>("brick_texture_map");

            wall = new VertexPositionTexture[22];
            wall[0] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(200, 0, 200), new Vector2(0, 0));
            wall[1] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(200, 200, 200), new Vector2(2, 0));
            wall[2] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 0, 200), new Vector2(0, 2));
            wall[3] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 200, 200), new Vector2(2, 2));
            wall[4] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 0, 220), new Vector2(0, 0));
            wall[5] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 200, 220), new Vector2(2, 0));
            wall[6] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(200, 0, 220), new Vector2(0, 2));
            wall[7] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(200, 200, 220), new Vector2(2, 2));
            wall[8] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(200, 0, 200), new Vector2(0, 0));
            wall[9] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(200, 200, 220), new Vector2(2, 0));
            wall[10] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(200, 200, 200), new Vector2(2, 2));
            wall[11] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 200, 220), new Vector2(0, 2));
            wall[12] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 200, 200), new Vector2(0, 0));

            // Set vertex data in VertexBuffer
            vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(graphicsDeviceManager.GraphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionTexture), wall.Length, BufferUsage.None);
            vertexBuffer.SetData(wall);

            // Initialize the BasicEffect
            effect = new BasicEffect(graphicsDeviceManager.GraphicsDevice);
        }

        public static void RenderVertexPositionColorList(GraphicsDevice gd, 
            BasicEffect effect, Matrix world, Matrix view, Matrix proj,
            VertexPositionColor[] vertices, VertexDeclaration vertexDeclaration,
            VertexBuffer vertex_buffer)
        {
            // gd.VertexDeclaration = vertexDeclaration;

              effect.World = world;
              effect.View = view;
              effect.Projection = proj;
              effect.VertexColorEnabled = true;

              if (vertex_buffer == null)
              {
            vertex_buffer = new VertexBuffer(gd, typeof(VertexPositionColor), vertices.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly);
            vertex_buffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices);
              }

              foreach (EffectPass pass in effect.CurrentTechnique.Passes)
              {
              pass.Apply();
            gd.DrawUserPrimitives<VertexPositionColor>(PrimitiveType.LineList, vertices, 0, vertices.Length / 3);

              }
        }

        public ChunkRenderer(Chunk chunk, World world)
        {
            this.WorldObj = world;
            this.Chunk = chunk;

            this.Buffer = new VertexBuffer();
        }

        public static void InitializeGraphics(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice,
                                              Triangle[] triangles,
                                              Guid id)
        {
            var basicEffect = new BasicEffect(graphicsDevice)
                                  {
                                      LightingEnabled = false,
                                      VertexColorEnabled = false
                                  };

            var index = 0;
            var vertices = new VertexPositionColor[triangles.SelectMany(i => i.Points).Count()];

            foreach (var point in triangles.SelectMany(triangle => triangle.Points))
                vertices[index++] = new VertexPositionColor(new Vector3(point.X,
                                                                        point.Y,
                                                                        point.Z),
                                                            Color.White);

            var vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(graphicsDevice,
                                                typeof (VertexPositionColor),
                                                vertices.Length,
                                                BufferUsage.None);
            vertexBuffer.SetData(vertices);

            Subscriptions.Add(id, new RendererHelperData
                                       {
                                           BasicEffect = basicEffect,
                                           VertexBuffer = vertexBuffer
                                       });
        }

        protected override void DoInitialize()
        {
            base.DoInitialize();

            {
                // velocity
                var buffer = VertexBuffer.Create(typeof(vec4), ParticleModel.particleCount, VBOConfig.Vec4, "empty", BufferUsage.DynamicCopy);
                unsafe
                {
                    var random = new Random();
                    var array = (vec4*)buffer.MapBuffer(MapBufferAccess.WriteOnly);
                    for (int i = 0; i < ParticleModel.particleCount; i++)
                    {
                        array[i] = new vec4(
                            (float)(random.NextDouble() - 0.5) * 0.2f,
                            (float)(random.NextDouble() - 0.5) * 0.2f,
                            (float)(random.NextDouble() - 0.5) * 0.2f,
                            0);
                    }
                    buffer.UnmapBuffer();
                }
                this.VelocityBuffer = buffer;
            }

            this.PositionBuffer = this.DataSource.GetVertexAttributeBuffer(ParticleModel.strPosition, null);
        }

 public VertexBuffer GetVertexAttributeBuffer(string bufferName, string varNameInShader)
 {
     if (bufferName == strPosition)
     {
         if (positionBuffer == null)
         {
             //int length = positions.Length;
             //VertexBuffer buffer = VertexBuffer.Create(typeof(float), length, VBOConfig.Vec3, BufferUsage.DynamicDraw, varNameInShader);
             //unsafe
             //{
             //    IntPtr pointer = buffer.MapBuffer(MapBufferAccess.WriteOnly);
             //    var array = (float*)pointer;
             //    for (int i = 0; i < positions.Length; i++)
             //    {
             //        array[i] = positions[i];
             //    }
             //    buffer.UnmapBuffer();
             //}
             //this.positionBuffer = buffer;
             this.positionBuffer = positions.GenVertexBuffer(VBOConfig.Vec3, varNameInShader, BufferUsage.DynamicDraw);
         }
         return positionBuffer;
     }
     else
     {
         return null;
     }
 }

 public bool CreateTextures()
 {
     CustomVertex[] verts;
     try {
         string textureFile;
         // Load the textures, named from "walk1.bmp" to "walk10.bmp"
         for(int i=1; i<=10; i++) {
             textureFile = Application.StartupPath + @"\..\..\Images\walk" + i.ToString() + ".bmp";
             textures[i-1] = TextureLoader.FromFile(device, textureFile);
         }
         // Define the vertex buffer to hold our custom vertices
         vertBuffer = new VertexBuffer(typeof(CustomVertex),
             numVerts, device, Usage.WriteOnly, customVertexFlags, Pool.Default);
         // Locks the memory, which will return the array to be filled
         verts = vertBuffer.Lock(0, 0) as CustomVertex[];
         // Defines the vertices
         SquareVertices(verts);
         // Unlock the buffer, which will save our vertex information to the device
         vertBuffer.Unlock();
         return true;
     }
     catch {
         return false;
     }
 }

	public Sprite2DBatch( GraphicsContext graphics, int maxSpriteCount )
	{
		int maxVertexCount = maxSpriteCount * 4 ;
		int maxIndexCount = maxSpriteCount * 6 ;

		graphicsContext = graphics ;
		#if !RESIZE_VERTEX_BUFFER
		vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer( maxVertexCount, maxIndexCount, vertexFormats ) ;
		spriteCapacity = maxSpriteCount ;
		#endif // RESIZE_VERTEX_BUFFER
		vertexData = new Vertex[ maxVertexCount ] ;
		indexData = new ushort[ maxIndexCount ] ;

		spriteList = new Sprite2D[ maxSpriteCount ] ;
		sortedList = new Sprite2D[ maxSpriteCount ] ;
			
		#if ENABLE_SIN_TABLE
		if ( sinTable == null ) {
			sinTable = new float[ 4096 ] ;
			for ( int i = 0 ; i < 4096 ; i ++ ) {
				sinTable[ i ] = FMath.Sin( i * ( FMath.PI / 2048.0f ) ) ;
			}
		}
		#endif // ENABLE_SIN_TABLE
	}

        public void OnCreateDevice(object sender, EventArgs e )
        {
            Device dev = (Device)sender;
            vertexBuffer =
                new VertexBuffer(typeof(CustomVertex.TransformedColored ),
                3, dev, 0, CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format,
                Pool.Default ) ;

            GraphicsStream stm = vertexBuffer.Lock( 0, 0, 0  ) ;
            CustomVertex.TransformedColored[ ] verts = new CustomVertex.TransformedColored[ 3 ] ;

            verts[0].X = 150 ;
            verts[0].Y = 50 ;
            verts[0].Z = 0.5f ;
            verts[0].Rhw = 1 ;
            verts[0].Color = System.Drawing.Color.Aqua.ToArgb ( ) ;
            verts[1].X = 250 ;
            verts[1].Y = 250 ;
            verts[1].Z = 0.5f ;
            verts[1].Rhw = 1 ;
            verts[1].Color = System.Drawing.Color.Brown.ToArgb ( ) ;
            verts[2].X = 50 ;
            verts[2].Y = 250 ;
            verts[2].Z = 0.5f ;
            verts[2].Rhw = 1 ;
            verts[2].Color = System.Drawing.Color.LightPink.ToArgb ( ) ;
            stm.Write ( verts ) ;
            vertexBuffer.Unlock ( ) ;
        }

		public PointsGisLayerCPU(Game game, int maxPointsCount, bool isDynamic = true) : base(game)
		{
			PointsCountToDraw = maxPointsCount;
			indeces = new int[maxPointsCount*6];
			PointsDrawOffset = 0;

			SizeMultiplier = 1;

			var vbOptions = isDynamic ? VertexBufferOptions.Dynamic : VertexBufferOptions.Default;

			currentBuffer	= new VertexBuffer(Game.GraphicsDevice, typeof(Gis.CartPoint), maxPointsCount * 4, vbOptions);
			PointsCpu		= new Gis.CartPoint[maxPointsCount*4];

			indBuf = new IndexBuffer(Game.GraphicsDevice, indeces.Length);
			for (int i = 0; i < maxPointsCount; i += 1) {
				indeces[i*6 + 0] = i*4 + 0;
				indeces[i*6 + 1] = i*4 + 1;
				indeces[i*6 + 2] = i*4 + 2;

				indeces[i*6 + 3] = i*4 + 1;
				indeces[i*6 + 4] = i*4 + 3;
				indeces[i*6 + 5] = i*4 + 2;
			}
			indBuf.SetData(indeces);

			shader	= Game.Content.Load<Ubershader>("globe.Debug.hlsl");
			factory = shader.CreateFactory(typeof(PointFlags), Primitive.TriangleList, VertexInputElement.FromStructure<Gis.CartPoint>(), BlendState.AlphaBlend, RasterizerState.CullCW, DepthStencilState.None);

		}

        public override void RenderToDevice(GraphicsDevice device, BasicEffect basicEffet)
        {
            if (Visible)
            {
                if (!basicEffet.LightingEnabled)
                {
                    if (isConstructed == false)
                        Construct();

                    using
                        (
                        VertexBuffer buffer = new VertexBuffer(
                        device,
                        VertexPositionColor.VertexDeclaration,
                        points,
                        BufferUsage.WriteOnly)
                      )
                    {
                        // Load the buffer
                        buffer.SetData(pointList);

                        // Send the vertex buffer to the device
                        device.SetVertexBuffer(buffer);
                        device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColor>(PrimitiveType.LineList, pointList, 0, 6, lineListIndices, 0, 3);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public void CreateShape()
        {
            double angle = MathHelper.TwoPi / CIRCLE_NUM_POINTS;

            _vertices = new VertexPositionNormalTexture[CIRCLE_NUM_POINTS + 1];

            _vertices[0] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(
                Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Forward, Vector2.One);

            for (int i = 1; i <= CIRCLE_NUM_POINTS; i++)
            {
                float x = (float)Math.Round(Math.Sin(angle * i), 4);
                float y = (float)Math.Round(Math.Cos(angle * i), 4);
                Vector3 point = new Vector3(
                                 x,
                                 y,
                                  0.0f);

                _vertices[i] = new VertexPositionNormalTexture(
                    point,
                    Vector3.Forward,
                    new Vector2());
            }

            buffer = new VertexBuffer(graphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionNormalTexture), _vertices.Length,
                BufferUsage.None);

            // Set the vertex buffer data to the array of vertices
            buffer.SetData<VertexPositionNormalTexture>(_vertices);

            InitializeLineStrip();
        }

        void CreateVertexBuffer()
        {
            VertexPositionNormalTexture[] vertices = new VertexPositionNormalTexture[number_of_vertices];

            float halfWidth = (number_of_cols - 1) * 0.5f;
            float halfDepth = (number_of_rows - 1) * 0.5f;

            float du = 1.0f / (number_of_cols - 1);
            float dv = 1.0f / (number_of_rows - 1);
            for (int i = 0; i < number_of_rows; ++i)
            {
                float z = halfDepth - i;
                for (int j = 0; j < number_of_cols;++j)
                {
                    float x = -halfWidth + j;

                    float y = getHeight(x, z);

                    vertices[i * number_of_cols + j].Position = new Vector3(x, y, z);

                    vertices[i * number_of_cols + j].TextureCoordinate = new Vector2(j * du, i * dv);

                    Vector3 normal = new Vector3();
                    normal.X = -0.03f * z * (float)Math.Cos(0.1f * x) - 0.3f * (float)Math.Cos(0.1f * z);
                    normal.Y = 1;
                    normal.Z = -0.3f * (float)Math.Sin(0.1f * x) + 0.03f * x *(float)Math.Sin(0.1f * z);
                    normal.Normalize();
                    vertices[i * number_of_cols + j].Normal = normal;
                }
            }

            vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(GraphicsDevice, VertexPositionNormalTexture.VertexDeclaration, number_of_vertices, BufferUsage.WriteOnly);
            vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionNormalTexture>(vertices);
        }

    public Sphere(float Radius, GraphicsDevice graphics, Texture2D tex, Texture2D prograde, Texture2D retrograde,
        Texture2D maneuverPrograde, Texture2D targetPrograde, Texture2D targetRetrograde)
    {
        this.prograde = new Bilboard (prograde, Matrix.CreateScale (1.0f));
        this.retrograde = new Bilboard (retrograde, Matrix.CreateScale (1.0f));
        this.maneuverPrograde = new Bilboard (maneuverPrograde, Matrix.CreateScale (1.0f));
        this.targetPrograde = new Bilboard (targetPrograde, Matrix.CreateScale (1.0f));
        this.targetRetrograde = new Bilboard (targetRetrograde, Matrix.CreateScale (1.0f));

        texture = tex;
        radius = Radius;
        graphicd = graphics;
        effect = new BasicEffect(graphicd);

        nvertices = res * res; // 90 vertices in a circle, 90 circles in a sphere
        nindices = res * res * 6;
        vbuffer = new VertexBuffer(graphics, typeof(VertexPositionNormalTexture), nvertices, BufferUsage.WriteOnly);
        ibuffer = new IndexBuffer(graphics, IndexElementSize.SixteenBits, nindices, BufferUsage.WriteOnly);
        createspherevertices();
        createindices();
        vbuffer.SetData<VertexPositionNormalTexture>(vertices);
        ibuffer.SetData<short>(indices);
        effect.TextureEnabled = true;
        effect.LightingEnabled = true;

        rotQuat = Quaternion.Identity;
    }

 /// <summary>
 /// Allocates an empty vertex buffer.
 /// </summary>
 /// <param name="numVertices">The number of vertices to allocate.</param>
 public void Create(int numVertices)
 {
   if (_vertexBuffer != null)
     Clear();
   _vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(GraphicsDevice.Device, PositionColoredTextured.StrideSize * numVertices, Usage.WriteOnly, PositionColoredTextured.Format, Pool.Default);
   ++_allocationCount;
 }

        public Tile(Texture2D texture2D, GraphicsDeviceManager graphicsDeviceManager, Vector3 position, Vector3 dimension)
        {
            texture = texture2D;

            tile = new VertexPositionTexture[14];
            tile[0] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X, position.Y, position.Z), new Vector2(0, 0));
            tile[1] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X + dimension.X, position.Y, position.Z), new Vector2(1, 0));
            tile[2] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X, position.Y + dimension.Y, position.Z), new Vector2(0, 1));
            tile[3] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X + dimension.X, position.Y + dimension.Y, position.Z), new Vector2(1, 1));
            tile[4] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X + dimension.X, position.Y + dimension.Y, position.Z + dimension.Z), new Vector2(1, 0));
            tile[5] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X + dimension.X, position.Y, position.Z), new Vector2(0, 1));
            tile[6] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X + dimension.X, position.Y, position.Z + dimension.Z), new Vector2(0, 0));
            tile[7] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X, position.Y, position.Z), new Vector2(1, 1));
            tile[8] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X, position.Y, position.Z + dimension.Z), new Vector2(1, 0));
            tile[9] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X, position.Y + dimension.Y, position.Z), new Vector2(0, 1));
            tile[10] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X, position.Y + dimension.Y, position.Z + dimension.Z), new Vector2(0, 0));
            tile[11] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X + dimension.X, position.Y + dimension.Y, position.Z + dimension.Z), new Vector2(1, 0));
            tile[12] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X, position.Y, position.Z + dimension.Z), new Vector2(0, 1));
            tile[13] = new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(position.X + dimension.X, position.Y, position.Z + dimension.Z), new Vector2(1, 1));

            // Set vertex data in VertexBuffer
            vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(graphicsDeviceManager.GraphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionTexture), tile.Length, BufferUsage.None);
            vertexBuffer.SetData(tile);

            // Initialize the BasicEffect
            effect = new BasicEffect(graphicsDeviceManager.GraphicsDevice);
        }

        public bool CreateTextures()
        {
            CustomVertex[] verts;
            //We will use blue as the transparent color
            Color colorKeyVal  = Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0, 255);
            try {
                //Load the walking guy textures
                string textureFile;
                for(int i=1; i<=10; i++) {
                    textureFile = Application.StartupPath + @"\..\..\Images\walk" + i.ToString() + ".bmp";
                    textures[i-1] = TextureLoader.FromFile(device, textureFile);
                }
                //Load the transparent texture
                TranspTexture = TextureLoader.FromFile(device,
                    Application.StartupPath + @"\..\..\Images\TranspSample.bmp",
                    64, 64, D3DX.Default, 0, Format.Unknown, Pool.Managed, Filter.Point, Filter.Point,
                    colorKeyVal.ToArgb());

                vertBuffer = new VertexBuffer(typeof(CustomVertex),
                    numVerts, device, Usage.WriteOnly, customVertexFlags, Pool.Default);
                verts = vertBuffer.Lock(0, 0) as CustomVertex[];
                SquareVertices(verts);
                vertBuffer.Unlock();
                return true;
            }
            catch {
                return false;
            }
        }

 public BufferGlyph(VertexBuffer buffer, int offset, int triangles, Vector2 escape)
     : base(escape)
 {
     Buffer = buffer;
     VertexOffset = offset;
     TriangleCount = triangles;
 }

            public static void DrawLineList(Vector3[] lineList, int vertices, Color color)
            {
                // Initialize an array of indices of type short.
                lineListIndices = new short[vertices];
                pointList = new VertexPositionColor[vertices];
                for (int p = 0; p < vertices; p++)
                {
                    pointList[p] =
                        new VertexPositionColor(
                            lineList[p], color
                        );
                    lineListIndices[p] = (short)(p);
                }
                // Initialize the vertex buffer, allocating memory for each vertex.
                vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(Game.Game.Graphics.GraphicsDevice, vertexDeclaration,
                    vertices, BufferUsage.None);

                // Set the vertex buffer data to the array of vertices.
                vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(pointList);

                foreach (EffectPass pass in basicEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes)
                {
                    pass.Apply();

                    Game.Game.Graphics.GraphicsDevice.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColor>(
                        PrimitiveType.LineList,
                        pointList,
                        0,  // vertex buffer offset to add to each element of the index buffer
                        vertices,  // number of vertices in pointList
                        lineListIndices,  // the index buffer
                        0,  // first index element to read
                        vertices / 2   // number of primitives to draw
                    );
                }
            }

		private void SetupVertices() {
			vertices = new VertexPositionColor[size.X * size.Y + 2];
			vertexDeclaration = new VertexDeclaration(vertices);
			vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(CamTest.graphics.GraphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionColor), vertices.Length, BufferUsage.None);

			int vertID = 0;

			for (int x = 0; x < size.X + 1; x++) {
				vertices[vertID].Position = new Vector3(x * cellSize.X, 0f, 0f);
				vertices[vertID].Color = color;
				vertices[vertID + 1].Position = new Vector3(x * cellSize.X, 0f, size.Y * cellSize.Y);
				vertices[vertID + 1].Color = color;
				vertID += 2;
			}

			for (int y = 0; y < size.Y + 1; y++) {
				vertices[vertID].Position = new Vector3(0f, 0f, y * cellSize.Y);
				vertices[vertID].Color = color;
				vertices[vertID + 1].Position = new Vector3(size.X * cellSize.X, 0f, y * cellSize.Y);
				vertices[vertID + 1].Color = color;
				vertID += 2;
			}

			vertexBuffer.SetData<VertexPositionColor>(vertices);
		}