def test_schema():
    fields = [
        pa.field('foo', pa.int32()),
        pa.field('bar', pa.string()),
        pa.field('baz', pa.list_(pa.int8()))
    ]
    sch = pa.schema(fields)

    assert sch.names == ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
    assert sch.types == [pa.int32(), pa.string(), pa.list_(pa.int8())]

    assert len(sch) == 3
    assert sch[0].name == 'foo'
    assert sch[0].type == fields[0].type
    assert sch.field_by_name('foo').name == 'foo'
    assert sch.field_by_name('foo').type == fields[0].type

    assert repr(sch) == """\
foo: int32
bar: string
baz: list<item: int8>
  child 0, item: int8"""

    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        pa.schema([None])

    def test_timestamps_notimezone_nulls(self):
        df = pd.DataFrame({
            'datetime64': np.array([
                '2007-07-13T01:23:34.123',
                None,
                '2010-08-13T05:46:57.437'],
                dtype='datetime64[ms]')
            })
        field = pa.field('datetime64', pa.timestamp('ms'))
        schema = pa.schema([field])
        self._check_pandas_roundtrip(
            df,
            timestamps_to_ms=True,
            expected_schema=schema,
        )

        df = pd.DataFrame({
            'datetime64': np.array([
                '2007-07-13T01:23:34.123456789',
                None,
                '2010-08-13T05:46:57.437699912'],
                dtype='datetime64[ns]')
            })
        field = pa.field('datetime64', pa.timestamp('ns'))
        schema = pa.schema([field])
        self._check_pandas_roundtrip(
            df,
            timestamps_to_ms=False,
            expected_schema=schema,
        )

    def test_custom_nulls(self):
        # Infer nulls with custom values
        opts = ConvertOptions(null_values=['Xxx', 'Zzz'])
        rows = b"a,b,c,d\nZzz,Xxx,1,2\nXxx,#N/A,,Zzz\n"
        table = self.read_bytes(rows, convert_options=opts)
        schema = pa.schema([('a', pa.null()),
                            ('b', pa.string()),
                            ('c', pa.string()),
                            ('d', pa.int64())])
        assert table.schema == schema
        assert table.to_pydict() == {
            'a': [None, None],
            'b': [u"Xxx", u"#N/A"],
            'c': [u"1", u""],
            'd': [2, None],
            }

        opts = ConvertOptions(null_values=[])
        rows = b"a,b\n#N/A,\n"
        table = self.read_bytes(rows, convert_options=opts)
        schema = pa.schema([('a', pa.string()),
                            ('b', pa.string())])
        assert table.schema == schema
        assert table.to_pydict() == {
            'a': [u"#N/A"],
            'b': [u""],
            }

def test_schema_equals_propagates_check_metadata():
    # ARROW-4088
    schema1 = pa.schema([
        pa.field('foo', pa.int32()),
        pa.field('bar', pa.string())
    ])
    schema2 = pa.schema([
        pa.field('foo', pa.int32()),
        pa.field('bar', pa.string(), metadata={'a': 'alpha'}),
    ])
    assert not schema1.equals(schema2)
    assert schema1.equals(schema2, check_metadata=False)

def test_schema_equals():
    fields = [
        pa.field('foo', pa.int32()),
        pa.field('bar', pa.string()),
        pa.field('baz', pa.list_(pa.int8()))
    ]

    sch1 = pa.schema(fields)
    sch2 = pa.schema(fields)
    assert sch1.equals(sch2)

    del fields[-1]
    sch3 = pa.schema(fields)
    assert not sch1.equals(sch3)

def test_table_from_pydict():
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict({})
    assert table.num_columns == 0
    assert table.num_rows == 0
    assert table.schema == pa.schema([])
    assert table.to_pydict() == {}

    # With arrays as values
    data = OrderedDict([('strs', pa.array([u'', u'foo', u'bar'])),
                        ('floats', pa.array([4.5, 5, None]))])
    schema = pa.schema([('strs', pa.utf8()), ('floats', pa.float64())])
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict(data)
    assert table.num_columns == 2
    assert table.num_rows == 3
    assert table.schema == schema

    # With chunked arrays as values
    data = OrderedDict([('strs', pa.chunked_array([[u''], [u'foo', u'bar']])),
                        ('floats', pa.chunked_array([[4.5], [5, None]]))])
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict(data)
    assert table.num_columns == 2
    assert table.num_rows == 3
    assert table.schema == schema

    # With lists as values
    data = OrderedDict([('strs', [u'', u'foo', u'bar']),
                        ('floats', [4.5, 5, None])])
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict(data)
    assert table.num_columns == 2
    assert table.num_rows == 3
    assert table.schema == schema
    assert table.to_pydict() == data

    # With metadata and inferred schema
    metadata = {b'foo': b'bar'}
    schema = schema.add_metadata(metadata)
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict(data, metadata=metadata)
    assert table.schema == schema
    assert table.schema.metadata == metadata
    assert table.to_pydict() == data

    # With explicit schema
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict(data, schema=schema)
    assert table.schema == schema
    assert table.schema.metadata == metadata
    assert table.to_pydict() == data

    # Cannot pass both schema and metadata
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        pa.Table.from_pydict(data, schema=schema, metadata=metadata)

def test_table_unsafe_casting():
    data = [
        pa.array(range(5), type=pa.int64()),
        pa.array([-10, -5, 0, 5, 10], type=pa.int32()),
        pa.array([1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5], type=pa.float64()),
        pa.array(['ab', 'bc', 'cd', 'de', 'ef'], type=pa.string())
    ]
    table = pa.Table.from_arrays(data, names=tuple('abcd'))

    expected_data = [
        pa.array(range(5), type=pa.int32()),
        pa.array([-10, -5, 0, 5, 10], type=pa.int16()),
        pa.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], type=pa.int64()),
        pa.array(['ab', 'bc', 'cd', 'de', 'ef'], type=pa.string())
    ]
    expected_table = pa.Table.from_arrays(expected_data, names=tuple('abcd'))

    target_schema = pa.schema([
        pa.field('a', pa.int32()),
        pa.field('b', pa.int16()),
        pa.field('c', pa.int64()),
        pa.field('d', pa.string())
    ])

    with pytest.raises(pa.ArrowInvalid,
                       match='Floating point value truncated'):
        table.cast(target_schema)

    casted_table = table.cast(target_schema, safe=False)
    assert casted_table.equals(expected_table)

def make_recordbatch(length):
    schema = pa.schema([pa.field('f0', pa.int16()),
                        pa.field('f1', pa.int16())])
    a0 = pa.array(np.random.randint(0, 255, size=length, dtype=np.int16))
    a1 = pa.array(np.random.randint(0, 255, size=length, dtype=np.int16))
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays([a0, a1], schema)
    return batch

def test_orcfile_empty():
    from pyarrow import orc
    f = orc.ORCFile(path_for_orc_example('TestOrcFile.emptyFile'))
    table = f.read()
    assert table.num_rows == 0
    schema = table.schema
    expected_schema = pa.schema([
        ('boolean1', pa.bool_()),
        ('byte1', pa.int8()),
        ('short1', pa.int16()),
        ('int1', pa.int32()),
        ('long1', pa.int64()),
        ('float1', pa.float32()),
        ('double1', pa.float64()),
        ('bytes1', pa.binary()),
        ('string1', pa.string()),
        ('middle', pa.struct([
            ('list', pa.list_(pa.struct([
                ('int1', pa.int32()),
                ('string1', pa.string()),
                ]))),
            ])),
        ('list', pa.list_(pa.struct([
            ('int1', pa.int32()),
            ('string1', pa.string()),
            ]))),
        ('map', pa.list_(pa.struct([
            ('key', pa.string()),
            ('value', pa.struct([
                ('int1', pa.int32()),
                ('string1', pa.string()),
                ])),
            ]))),
        ])
    assert schema == expected_schema

def test_type_schema_pickling():
    cases = [
        pa.int8(),
        pa.string(),
        pa.binary(),
        pa.binary(10),
        pa.list_(pa.string()),
        pa.struct([
            pa.field('a', 'int8'),
            pa.field('b', 'string')
        ]),
        pa.time32('s'),
        pa.time64('us'),
        pa.date32(),
        pa.date64(),
        pa.timestamp('ms'),
        pa.timestamp('ns'),
        pa.decimal(12, 2),
        pa.field('a', 'string', metadata={b'foo': b'bar'})
    ]

    for val in cases:
        roundtripped = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(val))
        assert val == roundtripped

    fields = []
    for i, f in enumerate(cases):
        if isinstance(f, pa.Field):
            fields.append(f)
        else:
            fields.append(pa.field('_f{}'.format(i), f))

    schema = pa.schema(fields, metadata={b'foo': b'bar'})
    roundtripped = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(schema))
    assert schema == roundtripped

def test_recordbatch_basics():
    data = [
        pa.array(range(5)),
        pa.array([-10, -5, 0, 5, 10])
    ]

    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(data, ['c0', 'c1'])
    assert not batch.schema.metadata

    assert len(batch) == 5
    assert batch.num_rows == 5
    assert batch.num_columns == len(data)
    assert batch.to_pydict() == OrderedDict([
        ('c0', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]),
        ('c1', [-10, -5, 0, 5, 10])
    ])

    with pytest.raises(IndexError):
        # bounds checking
        batch[2]

    # Schema passed explicitly
    schema = pa.schema([pa.field('c0', pa.int16()),
                        pa.field('c1', pa.int32())],
                       metadata={b'foo': b'bar'})
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(data, schema)
    assert batch.schema == schema

def test_table_safe_casting():
    data = [
        pa.array(range(5), type=pa.int64()),
        pa.array([-10, -5, 0, 5, 10], type=pa.int32()),
        pa.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0], type=pa.float64()),
        pa.array(['ab', 'bc', 'cd', 'de', 'ef'], type=pa.string())
    ]
    table = pa.Table.from_arrays(data, names=tuple('abcd'))

    expected_data = [
        pa.array(range(5), type=pa.int32()),
        pa.array([-10, -5, 0, 5, 10], type=pa.int16()),
        pa.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], type=pa.int64()),
        pa.array(['ab', 'bc', 'cd', 'de', 'ef'], type=pa.string())
    ]
    expected_table = pa.Table.from_arrays(expected_data, names=tuple('abcd'))

    target_schema = pa.schema([
        pa.field('a', pa.int32()),
        pa.field('b', pa.int16()),
        pa.field('c', pa.int64()),
        pa.field('d', pa.string())
    ])
    casted_table = table.cast(target_schema)

    assert casted_table.equals(expected_table)

    def test_float_nulls(self):
        num_values = 100

        null_mask = np.random.randint(0, 10, size=num_values) < 3
        dtypes = [('f4', pa.float32()), ('f8', pa.float64())]
        names = ['f4', 'f8']
        expected_cols = []

        arrays = []
        fields = []
        for name, arrow_dtype in dtypes:
            values = np.random.randn(num_values).astype(name)

            arr = pa.array(values, from_pandas=True, mask=null_mask)
            arrays.append(arr)
            fields.append(pa.field(name, arrow_dtype))
            values[null_mask] = np.nan

            expected_cols.append(values)

        ex_frame = pd.DataFrame(dict(zip(names, expected_cols)),
                                columns=names)

        table = pa.Table.from_arrays(arrays, names)
        assert table.schema.equals(pa.schema(fields))
        result = table.to_pandas()
        tm.assert_frame_equal(result, ex_frame)

 def test_int_object_nulls(self):
     arr = np.array([None, 1, np.int64(3)] * 5, dtype=object)
     df = pd.DataFrame({'ints': arr})
     expected = pd.DataFrame({'ints': pd.to_numeric(arr)})
     field = pa.field('ints', pa.int64())
     schema = pa.schema([field])
     self._check_pandas_roundtrip(df, expected=expected,
                                  expected_schema=schema)

def test_empty_table():
    schema = pa.schema([
        pa.field('oneField', pa.int64())
    ])
    table = schema.empty_table()
    assert isinstance(table, pa.Table)
    assert table.num_rows == 0
    assert table.schema == schema

    def test_unicode(self):
        repeats = 1000
        values = [u'foo', None, u'bar', u'mañana', np.nan]
        df = pd.DataFrame({'strings': values * repeats})
        field = pa.field('strings', pa.string())
        schema = pa.schema([field])

        self._check_pandas_roundtrip(df, expected_schema=schema)

    def test_boolean_no_nulls(self):
        num_values = 100

        np.random.seed(0)

        df = pd.DataFrame({'bools': np.random.randn(num_values) > 0})
        field = pa.field('bools', pa.bool_())
        schema = pa.schema([field])
        self._check_pandas_roundtrip(df, expected_schema=schema)

 def test_fixed_size_bytes(self):
     values = [b'foo', None, b'bar', None, None, b'hey']
     df = pd.DataFrame({'strings': values})
     schema = pa.schema([pa.field('strings', pa.binary(3))])
     table = pa.Table.from_pandas(df, schema=schema)
     assert table.schema[0].type == schema[0].type
     assert table.schema[0].name == schema[0].name
     result = table.to_pandas()
     tm.assert_frame_equal(result, df)

def test_schema_from_tuples():
    fields = [
        ('foo', pa.int32()),
        ('bar', pa.string()),
        ('baz', pa.list_(pa.int8())),
    ]
    sch = pa.schema(fields)
    assert sch.names == ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
    assert sch.types == [pa.int32(), pa.string(), pa.list_(pa.int8())]
    assert len(sch) == 3
    assert repr(sch) == """\
foo: int32
bar: string
baz: list<item: int8>
  child 0, item: int8"""

    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
        pa.schema([('foo', None)])

def test_table_from_batches_and_schema():
    schema = pa.schema([
        pa.field('a', pa.int64()),
        pa.field('b', pa.float64()),
    ])
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays([pa.array([1]), pa.array([3.14])],
                                       names=['a', 'b'])
    table = pa.Table.from_batches([batch], schema)
    assert table.schema.equals(schema)
    assert table.column(0) == pa.column('a', pa.array([1]))
    assert table.column(1) == pa.column('b', pa.array([3.14]))

    incompatible_schema = pa.schema([pa.field('a', pa.int64())])
    with pytest.raises(pa.ArrowInvalid):
        pa.Table.from_batches([batch], incompatible_schema)

    incompatible_batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays([pa.array([1])], ['a'])
    with pytest.raises(pa.ArrowInvalid):
        pa.Table.from_batches([incompatible_batch], schema)