it('should not allow overriding a directive after its view has been resolved', () => {
   viewResolver.resolve(SomeComponent);
   expect(() => {
     viewResolver.overrideViewDirective(SomeComponent, SomeDirective, SomeOtherDirective);
   })
       .toThrowError(
           `The component ${stringify(SomeComponent)} has already been compiled, its configuration can not be changed`);
 });

 function detectChanges(compiler: ChangeDetectionCompiler, template: string,
                        directives: CompileDirectiveMetadata[] = CONST_EXPR([])): string[] {
   var type =
       new CompileTypeMetadata({name: stringify(SomeComponent), moduleUrl: THIS_MODULE_URL});
   var parsedTemplate = parser.parse(template, directives, 'TestComp');
   var factories =
       compiler.compileComponentRuntime(type, ChangeDetectionStrategy.Default, parsedTemplate);
   return testChangeDetector(factories[0]);
 }

 /**
  * Return {@link PipeMetadata} for a given `Type`.
  */
 resolve(type: Type): PipeMetadata {
   var metas = reflector.annotations(resolveForwardRef(type));
   if (isPresent(metas)) {
     var annotation = ListWrapper.find(metas, _isPipeMetadata);
     if (isPresent(annotation)) {
       return annotation;
     }
   }
   throw new BaseException(`No Pipe decorator found on ${stringify(type)}`);
 }

 /**
  * Return {@link PipeMetadata} for a given `Type`.
  */
 resolve(type: Type): PipeMetadata {
   var metas = reflector.annotations(resolveForwardRef(type));
   if (isPresent(metas)) {
     for (var i = 0; i < metas.length; i++) {
       var annotation = metas[i];
       if (annotation instanceof PipeMetadata) {
         return annotation;
       }
     }
   }
   throw new BaseException(`No Pipe decorator found on ${stringify(type)}`);
 }

 private static _genMessage(typeOrFunc, params: any[][]) {
   var signature = [];
   for (var i = 0, ii = params.length; i < ii; i++) {
     var parameter = params[i];
     if (isBlank(parameter) || parameter.length == 0) {
       signature.push('?');
     } else {
       signature.push(parameter.map(stringify).join(' '));
     }
   }
   return "Cannot resolve all parameters for " + stringify(typeOrFunc) + "(" +
          signature.join(', ') + "). " + 'Make sure they all have valid type or annotations.';
 }

toString(): string { return `@Attribute(${stringify(this.attributeName)})`; }

 super(injector, key, function(keys: any[]) {
   var first = stringify(ListWrapper.first(keys).token);
   return `No provider for ${first}!${constructResolvingPath(keys)}`;
 });