def __call__(self, target, creds):
        """
        Check http: rules by calling to a remote server.

        This example implementation simply verifies that the response
        is exactly 'True'.
        """

        url = ('http:' + self.match) % target
        data = {'target': jsonutils.dumps(target),
                'credentials': jsonutils.dumps(creds)}
        post_data = urllib.urlencode(data)
        f = urllib2.urlopen(url, post_data)
        return f.read() == "True"

    def _pack_json_msg(self, msg):
        """Qpid cannot serialize dicts containing strings longer than 65535
           characters.  This function dumps the message content to a JSON
           string, which Qpid is able to handle.

        :param msg: May be either a Qpid Message object or a bare dict.
        :returns: A Qpid Message with its content field JSON encoded.
        """
        try:
            msg.content = jsonutils.dumps(msg.content)
        except AttributeError:
            # Need to have a Qpid message so we can set the content_type.
            msg = qpid_messaging.Message(jsonutils.dumps(msg))
        msg.content_type = JSON_CONTENT_TYPE
        return msg

    def get_ticket(self, source, target, crypto, key):

        # prepare metadata
        md = {'requestor': source,
              'target': target,
              'timestamp': time.time(),
              'nonce': struct.unpack('Q', os.urandom(8))[0]}
        metadata = base64.b64encode(jsonutils.dumps(md))

        # sign metadata
        signature = crypto.sign(key, metadata)

        # HTTP request
        reply = self._get_ticket({'metadata': metadata,
                                  'signature': signature})

        # verify reply
        signature = crypto.sign(key, (reply['metadata'] + reply['ticket']))
        if signature != reply['signature']:
            raise InvalidEncryptedTicket(md['source'], md['destination'])
        md = jsonutils.loads(base64.b64decode(reply['metadata']))
        if ((md['source'] != source or
             md['destination'] != target or
             md['expiration'] < time.time())):
            raise InvalidEncryptedTicket(md['source'], md['destination'])

        # return ticket data
        tkt = jsonutils.loads(crypto.decrypt(key, reply['ticket']))

        return tkt, md['expiration']

    def format(self, record):
        message = {'message': record.getMessage(),
                   'asctime': self.formatTime(record, self.datefmt),
                   'name': record.name,
                   'msg': record.msg,
                   'args': record.args,
                   'levelname': record.levelname,
                   'levelno': record.levelno,
                   'pathname': record.pathname,
                   'filename': record.filename,
                   'module': record.module,
                   'lineno': record.lineno,
                   'funcname': record.funcName,
                   'created': record.created,
                   'msecs': record.msecs,
                   'relative_created': record.relativeCreated,
                   'thread': record.thread,
                   'thread_name': record.threadName,
                   'process_name': record.processName,
                   'process': record.process,
                   'traceback': None}

        if hasattr(record, 'extra'):
            message['extra'] = record.extra

        if record.exc_info:
            message['traceback'] = self.formatException(record.exc_info)

        return jsonutils.dumps(message)

    def encode(self, version, target, json_msg):
        """This is the main encoding function.

        It takes a target and a message and returns a tuple consisting of a
        JSON serialized metadata object, a JSON serialized (and optionally
        encrypted) message, and a signature.

        :param version: the current envelope version
        :param target: The name of the target service (usually with hostname)
        :param json_msg: a serialized json message object
        """
        ticket = self._get_ticket(target)

        metadata = jsonutils.dumps({'source': self._name,
                                    'destination': target,
                                    'timestamp': time.time(),
                                    'nonce': _get_nonce(),
                                    'esek': ticket.esek,
                                    'encryption': self._encrypt})

        message = json_msg
        if self._encrypt:
            message = self._crypto.encrypt(ticket.ekey, message)

        signature = self._crypto.sign(ticket.skey,
                                      version + metadata + message)

        return (metadata, message, signature)

    def __init__(self, session, node_name, node_opts=None):
        """Init the Publisher class with the exchange_name, routing_key,
        and other options
        """
        self.sender = None
        self.session = session

        addr_opts = {
            "create": "always",
            "node": {
                "type": "topic",
                "x-declare": {
                    "durable": False,
                    # auto-delete isn't implemented for exchanges in qpid,
                    # but put in here anyway
                    "auto-delete": True,
                },
            },
        }
        if node_opts:
            addr_opts["node"]["x-declare"].update(node_opts)

        self.address = "%s ; %s" % (node_name, jsonutils.dumps(addr_opts))

        self.reconnect(session)

def serialize_msg(raw_msg):
    # NOTE(russellb) See the docstring for _RPC_ENVELOPE_VERSION for more
    # information about this format.
    msg = {_VERSION_KEY: _RPC_ENVELOPE_VERSION,
           _MESSAGE_KEY: jsonutils.dumps(raw_msg)}

    return msg

def serialize_remote_exception(failure_info, log_failure=True):
    """Prepares exception data to be sent over rpc.

    Failure_info should be a sys.exc_info() tuple.

    """
    tb = traceback.format_exception(*failure_info)
    failure = failure_info[1]
    if log_failure:
        LOG.error(_("Returning exception %s to caller"), unicode(failure))
#        LOG.error(_("Returning exception %s to caller"),
#                  six.text_type(failure))
        LOG.error(tb)

    kwargs = {}
    if hasattr(failure, 'kwargs'):
        kwargs = failure.kwargs

    data = {
        'class': str(failure.__class__.__name__),
        'module': str(failure.__class__.__module__),
        'message': unicode(failure),
#        'message': six.text_type(failure),
        'tb': tb,
        'args': failure.args,
        'kwargs': kwargs
    }

    json_data = jsonutils.dumps(data)

    return json_data

    def default(self, data):
        def sanitizer(obj):
            if isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime):
                _dtime = obj - datetime.timedelta(microseconds=obj.microsecond)
                return _dtime.isoformat()
            return obj
#            return six.text_type(obj)
        return jsonutils.dumps(data, default=sanitizer)

def _serialize(data):
    """Serialization wrapper.

    We prefer using JSON, but it cannot encode all types.
    Error if a developer passes us bad data.
    """
    try:
        return jsonutils.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=True)
    except TypeError:
        with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
            LOG.error(_("JSON serialization failed."))

def notify(_context, message):
    """Notifies the recipient of the desired event given the model.
    Log notifications using openstack's default logging system"""

    priority = message.get('priority',
                           CONF.default_notification_level)
    priority = priority.lower()
    logger = logging.getLogger(
        'trove.openstack.common.notification.%s' %
        message['event_type'])
    getattr(logger, priority)(jsonutils.dumps(message))

    def __str__(self):
        """Dumps a string representation of the rules."""

        # Start by building the canonical strings for the rules
        out_rules = {}
        for key, value in self.items():
            # Use empty string for singleton TrueCheck instances
            if isinstance(value, TrueCheck):
                out_rules[key] = ''
            else:
                out_rules[key] = str(value)

        # Dump a pretty-printed JSON representation
        return jsonutils.dumps(out_rules, indent=4)

    def _do_get(self, url, request):
        req_kwargs = dict()
        req_kwargs['headers'] = dict()
        req_kwargs['headers']['User-Agent'] = self.USER_AGENT
        req_kwargs['headers']['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
        req_kwargs['data'] = jsonutils.dumps({'request': request})
        if self.timeout is not None:
            req_kwargs['timeout'] = self.timeout

        try:
            resp = requests.get(url, **req_kwargs)
        except requests.ConnectionError as e:
            err = "Unable to establish connection. %s" % e
            raise CommunicationError(url, err)

        return resp

    def check_for_delay(self, verb, path, username=None):
        body = jsonutils.dumps({"verb": verb, "path": path})
        headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}

        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(self.limiter_address)

        if username:
            conn.request("POST", "/%s" % (username), body, headers)
        else:
            conn.request("POST", "/", body, headers)

        resp = conn.getresponse()

        if 200 >= resp.status < 300:
            return None, None

        return resp.getheader("X-Wait-Seconds"), resp.read() or None

def serialize_remote_exception(failure_info, log_failure=True):
    """Prepares exception data to be sent over rpc.

    Failure_info should be a sys.exc_info() tuple.

    """
    tb = traceback.format_exception(*failure_info)
    failure = failure_info[1]
    if log_failure:
        LOG.error(_("Returning exception %s to caller"),
                  six.text_type(failure))
        LOG.error(tb)

    kwargs = {}
    if hasattr(failure, 'kwargs'):
        kwargs = failure.kwargs

    # NOTE(matiu): With cells, it's possible to re-raise remote, remote
    # exceptions. Lets turn it back into the original exception type.
    cls_name = str(failure.__class__.__name__)
    mod_name = str(failure.__class__.__module__)
    if (cls_name.endswith(_REMOTE_POSTFIX) and
            mod_name.endswith(_REMOTE_POSTFIX)):
        cls_name = cls_name[:-len(_REMOTE_POSTFIX)]
        mod_name = mod_name[:-len(_REMOTE_POSTFIX)]

    data = {
        'class': cls_name,
        'module': mod_name,
        'message': six.text_type(failure),
        'tb': tb,
        'args': failure.args,
        'kwargs': kwargs
    }

    json_data = jsonutils.dumps(data)

    return json_data

 def test_ksc_show_master_status(self):
     mStatus = self._mysqlAdm.ksc_show_master_status()
     print jsonutils.dumps(mStatus.serialize())
     self.assertTrue(mStatus != None, mStatus)

 def _request_data(self, verb, path):
     """Get data describing a limit request verb/path."""
     return jsonutils.dumps({"verb": verb, "path": path})

 def default(self, data):
     return jsonutils.dumps(data)