def formatResult(self, seekable, le, data, sw, sm):
        if seekable:
            # when le = 0 then we want to have 0x9000. here we only have the
            # effective le, which is either MAX_EXTENDED_LE or MAX_SHORT_LE,
            # depending on the APDU. Note that the following distinguisher has
            # one false positive
            if le > len(data) and le != MAX_EXTENDED_LE and le != MAX_SHORT_LE:
                sw = SW["WARN_EOFBEFORENEREAD"]

        if le != None:
            result = data[:le]
        else:
            result = data[:0]
        if sm:
            try:
                sw, result = self.SAM.protect_result(sw, result)
            except SwError as e:
                logging.info(e.message)
                import traceback
                traceback.print_exception(*sys.exc_info())
                sw = e.sw
                result = ""
                answer = self.formatResult(False, 0, result, sw, False)

        return R_APDU(result, inttostring(sw)).render()

def periodic_tasks():
    '''run periodic checks'''
    if mpstate.status.setup_mode:
        return

    if mpstate.settings.heartbeat != 0:
        heartbeat_period.frequency = mpstate.settings.heartbeat

    if heartbeat_period.trigger() and mpstate.settings.heartbeat != 0:
        mpstate.status.counters['MasterOut'] += 1
        for master in mpstate.mav_master:
            send_heartbeat(master)

    if heartbeat_check_period.trigger():
        check_link_status()

    set_stream_rates()

    if battery_period.trigger():
        battery_report()

    # call optional module idle tasks. These are called at several hundred Hz
    for m in mpstate.modules:
        if hasattr(m, 'idle_task'):
            try:
                m.idle_task()
            except Exception, msg:
                if mpstate.settings.moddebug == 1:
                    print(msg)
                elif mpstate.settings.moddebug > 1:
                    import traceback
                    exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
                    traceback.print_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback,
                                              limit=2, file=sys.stdout)

def _handle_thread_exception(request, exc_info):
    """Default exception handler callback function.

    This just prints the exception info via ``traceback.print_exception``.

    """
    traceback.print_exception(*exc_info)

def cleanMesh(mesh, connectivityFilter=False):
    try:
        t = time.clock()
        connect = vtk.vtkPolyDataConnectivityFilter()
        clean = vtk.vtkCleanPolyData()

        if (connectivityFilter):
            if vtk.vtkVersion.GetVTKMajorVersion() >= 6:
                connect.SetInputData( mesh )
            else:
                connect.SetInput( mesh )
            connect.SetExtractionModeToLargestRegion()
            clean.SetInputConnection( connect.GetOutputPort() )
        else:
            if vtk.vtkVersion.GetVTKMajorVersion() >= 6:
                clean.SetInputData( mesh )
            else:
                clean.SetInput( mesh )

        clean.Update()
        print ("Surface cleaned")
        m2 = clean.GetOutput()
        print "    ", m2.GetNumberOfPolys(), "polygons"
        elapsedTime(t)
        clean = None
        connect = None
        return m2
    except:
        print "Surface cleaning failed"
        exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
        traceback.print_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback, limit=2, file=sys.stdout)
    return None

 def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
     try:
         return self.app(environ, start_response)
     except:
         traceback.print_exception(*sys.exc_info())
         pdb.post_mortem(sys.exc_info()[2])
         raise

	def readCamera(self):
		cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
		frame = None
		success = False

		if not cap.isOpened():
			print("Failed to open camera!")
			return

		while True:
			try: 
				success, frame = cap.read()

				if not success:
					print("cap.read() failed")
					yield trollius.From(trollius.sleep(1.0/self.fps))
					continue
				
				self.broadcast(frame)

				if self.hasFrame:
					self.hasFrame(frame)

			except KeyboardInterrupt:
				self.loop.stop()

			except:
				exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
				traceback.print_tb(exc_traceback, limit=1, file=sys.stdout)
				traceback.print_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback,
	                          limit=2, file=sys.stdout)

			yield trollius.From(trollius.sleep(1.0/self.fps))

		cap.release()

    def process_feed_wrapper(self, feed):
        """ wrapper for ProcessFeed
        """
        start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
        try:
            pfeed = ProcessFeed(feed, self.options)
            ret_feed, ret_entries = pfeed.process()
            del pfeed
        except:
            (etype, eobj, etb) = sys.exc_info()
            print '[%d] ! -------------------------' % (feed.id,)
            print traceback.format_exception(etype, eobj, etb)
            traceback.print_exception(etype, eobj, etb)
            print '[%d] ! -------------------------' % (feed.id,)
            ret_feed = FEED_ERREXC
            ret_entries = {}

        delta = datetime.datetime.now() - start_time
        if delta.seconds > SLOWFEED_WARNING:
            comment = u' (SLOW FEED!)'
        else:
            comment = u''
        prints(u'[%d] Processed %s in %s [%s] [%s]%s' % (
            feed.id, feed.feed_url, unicode(delta),
            self.feed_trans[ret_feed],
            u' '.join(u'%s=%d' % (self.entry_trans[key],
                      ret_entries[key]) for key in self.entry_keys),
            comment))

        self.feed_stats[ret_feed] += 1
        for key, val in ret_entries.items():
            self.entry_stats[key] += val

        return ret_feed, ret_entries

    def _load_neo_file(cls, filename, lazy):
        """ Returns a NEO io object and a list of contained blocks for a
        file name. This function also caches all loaded blocks

        :param str filename:
            The full path of the file (relative or absolute).
        :param bool lazy:
            Determines if lazy mode is used for NEO io.
        """
        if os.path.isdir(filename):
            for io in neo.io.iolist:
                if io.mode == 'dir':
                    try:
                        n_io = io(filename)
                        block = n_io.read(lazy=lazy)
                        if io == neo.TdtIO and not block.segments:
                            # TdtIO can produce empty blocks for invalid dirs
                            continue

                        cls.block_indices[block] = 0
                        cls.loaded_blocks[filename] = [block]
                        return n_io, [block]
                    except Exception, e:
                        sys.stderr.write(
                            'Load error for directory "%s":\n' % filename)
                        tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
                        while not ('self' in tb.tb_frame.f_locals and
                                   tb.tb_frame.f_locals['self'] == n_io):
                            if tb.tb_next is not None:
                                tb = tb.tb_next
                            else:
                                break
                        traceback.print_exception(type(e), e, tb)

def _greenlet_report_error(self, exc_info):
    import sys
    import traceback

    exception = exc_info[1]
    if isinstance(exception, gevent.greenlet.GreenletExit):
        self._report_result(exception)
        return
    exc_handler = False
    for lnk in self._links:
        if isinstance(lnk, gevent.greenlet.FailureSpawnedLink):
            exc_handler = True
            break
    if not exc_handler:
        try:
            traceback.print_exception(*exc_info)
        except:
            pass
    self._exception = exception
    if self._links and self._notifier is None:
        self._notifier = self.parent.loop.run_callback(self._notify_links)
    ## Only print errors
    if not exc_handler:
        info = str(self) + ' failed with '
        try:
            info += self._exception.__class__.__name__
        except Exception:
            info += str(self._exception) or repr(self._exception)
        sys.stderr.write(info + '\n\n')

def _info(type, value, tb):
	if not _exception_in_progress.acquire(False):
		# Exceptions have piled up, so we use the default exception
		# handler for such exceptions
		_excepthook_save(type, value, tb)
		return

	dialog = dialogs.HigDialog(None, gtk.MESSAGE_WARNING, gtk.BUTTONS_NONE, 
				_('A programming error has been detected'),
				_('It probably is not fatal, but should be reported '
				'to the developers nonetheless.'))
	
	#FIXME: add icon to this button
	RESPONSE_REPORT_BUG = 42
	dialog.add_buttons(gtk.STOCK_CLOSE, gtk.BUTTONS_CLOSE,
		_('_Report Bug'), RESPONSE_REPORT_BUG)
	dialog.set_default_response(RESPONSE_REPORT_BUG)
	report_button = dialog.action_area.get_children()[0] # right to left
	report_button.grab_focus()

	# Details
	textview = gtk.TextView()
	textview.set_editable(False)
	textview.modify_font(pango.FontDescription('Monospace'))
	sw = gtk.ScrolledWindow()
	sw.set_policy(gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC, gtk.POLICY_AUTOMATIC)
	sw.add(textview)
	frame = gtk.Frame()
	frame.set_shadow_type(gtk.SHADOW_IN)
	frame.add(sw)
	frame.set_border_width(6)
	textbuffer = textview.get_buffer()
	trace = StringIO()
	traceback.print_exception(type, value, tb, None, trace)
	textbuffer.set_text(trace.getvalue())
	textview.set_size_request(
		gtk.gdk.screen_width() / 3,
		gtk.gdk.screen_height() / 4)
	expander = gtk.Expander(_('Details'))
	expander.add(frame)
	dialog.vbox.add(expander)

	dialog.set_resizable(True)
	# on expand the details the dialog remains centered on screen
	dialog.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER_ALWAYS)

	dialog.show_all()

	close_clicked = False
	while not close_clicked:
		resp = dialog.run()
		if resp == RESPONSE_REPORT_BUG:
			url = 'http://trac.gajim.org/wiki/WikiStart#howto_report_ticket'
			helpers.launch_browser_mailer('url', url)
		else:
			close_clicked = True
	
	dialog.destroy()

	_exception_in_progress.release()

def execute(meth, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Execute *meth* in a Python thread, blocking the current coroutine/
    greenthread until the method completes.

    The primary use case for this is to wrap an object or module that is not
    amenable to monkeypatching or any of the other tricks that Eventlet uses
    to achieve cooperative yielding.  With tpool, you can force such objects to
    cooperate with green threads by sticking them in native threads, at the cost
    of some overhead.
    """
    setup()
    # if already in tpool, don't recurse into the tpool
    # also, call functions directly if we're inside an import lock, because
    # if meth does any importing (sadly common), it will hang
    my_thread = threading.currentThread()
    if my_thread in _threads or imp.lock_held() or _nthreads == 0:
        return meth(*args, **kwargs)

    e = event.Event()
    _reqq.put((e, meth, args, kwargs))

    rv = e.wait()
    if isinstance(rv, tuple) \
            and len(rv) == 3 \
            and isinstance(rv[1], EXC_CLASSES):
        (c, e, tb) = rv
        if not QUIET:
            traceback.print_exception(c, e, tb)
            traceback.print_stack()
        six.reraise(c, e, tb)
    return rv

def Start(filename):
    global state
    global g
    result=''
    # read data case line by line from file
    try:
        br=open(filename,'r')
        for re in br:
            print 'Processing '+re+'...'
            re=re.strip()
            calc_next(re)
            state=0
            nfa=parse(re,0,len(re)-1)
            #calculate closure
            calc_closure()
            #test 01 string of length up to 6
            for length in range(1,6+1):
                for num in range(0,(1<<length)):
                    if (test(closure[nfa[0]],nfa[1],0,length,num)):
                        for i in range(length):
                            if ((num&(1<<i))>0):
                                result=result+'1'
                            else:
                                result=result+'0'
                        result=result+"\n"
        # Close the input stream
        br.close()
    except:
        exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
        print "*** print_exception:"
        traceback.print_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback,limit=2, file=sys.stdout)
        result=result+'error'
    return result

 def on_crash(self, msg, *fmt, **kwargs):
     print(msg.format(*fmt), file=sys.stderr)
     exc_info = sys.exc_info()
     try:
         traceback.print_exception(exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2], None, sys.stderr)
     finally:
         del (exc_info)

def DbgTry(method, *values):
    try:
        return method(*values)
    except Exception as e:
        from . import breakpoint
        traceback.print_exception(*sys.exc_info())
        bp()

    def handle(self, csvpath, *args, **options):
        
        
        loader = ContributionLoader(
            source=options.get('source'),
            description='load from denormalized CSVs',
            imported_by="loadcontributions.py (%s)" % os.getenv('LOGNAME', 'unknown'),
        )
        
        try:
            input_iterator = VerifiedCSVSource(open(os.path.abspath(csvpath)), FIELDNAMES, skiprows=1 + int(options['skip']))
            
            output_func = chain_filters(
                LoaderEmitter(loader),
                #Every(self.COMMIT_FREQUENCY, lambda i: transaction.commit()),
                Every(self.COMMIT_FREQUENCY, progress_tick))
            
            record_processor = self.get_record_processor(loader.import_session)

            load_data(input_iterator, record_processor, output_func)

            transaction.commit()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            traceback.print_exception(*sys.exc_info())
            transaction.rollback()
            raise
        except:
            traceback.print_exception(*sys.exc_info())
            transaction.rollback()
            raise
        finally:
            sys.stdout.flush()
            sys.stderr.flush()

def Try(method, *values):
    try:
        return method(*values)
    except Exception as e:
        from .. import console
        traceback.print_exception(*sys.exc_info())
        console.pause()

def main(solver=config.user_config.solver):
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.CRITICAL, format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s')
    from minpower import solve
    
    dirNm=splitFilename(__file__)[0]
    if dirNm=='': dirNm='.'
    excludeL=[]
    for fileNm in os.listdir(dirNm):
        if fileNm in excludeL: continue
        testDir = joindir(dirNm, fileNm)
        if not os.path.isdir(testDir): continue
        print 'testing: ',fileNm
        wipeTestSlate(testDir)
        fResults=open(joindir(testDir,'results.txt'),'w+')
        fError=open(joindir(testDir,'error.txt'),'w+')
        sys.stdout=fResults #switch output to results file 
        if hasPyscript(testDir):
            sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__ #switch back to standard outputting
            os.system('python {s}'.format(s=hasPyscript(testDir)[0]))
        else:
            try: 
                user_config.scenarios = 2
                solve.solve_problem(testDir)
                sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__ #switch back to standard outputting
                fError.close()
                os.remove(joindir(testDir,'error.txt'))
            except: #write the error to file
                exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
                traceback.print_tb(exc_traceback, file=fError )
                traceback.print_exception(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback, file=fError)
                sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__ #switch back to standard outputting
                print '\t had error' #note that this dir produced error
    else: 
        sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__ #switch back to standard outputting

	def _parseStatement( self, s ):
		statement_re = re.compile( '(.*)=(.*)' )
		value_list_re = re.compile( '([^,]*),?' )
		if ( not statement_re.match( s ) ):
			print 'syntax error (statement match): %s' % repr( s )
			return
		statement_split = statement_re.split( s )
		if ( len( statement_split ) != 4 ):
			print 'syntax error (statement split): %s' % repr( s )
			return
		( foo, name, value, bar ) = statement_split
		value_split = value_list_re.split( value )
		if ( len( value_split ) < 2 or len( value_split ) % 2 != 1 ):
			print 'syntax error (value split): %s' % ( repr( value_split ) )
			return
		try:
			value_array = []
			value_split.reverse()
			value_split.pop()
			while ( len( value_split ) != 0 ):
				value_array.append( value_split.pop() )
				value_split.pop()
		except:
			print traceback.print_exception( sys.exc_type, sys.exc_value, sys.exc_traceback )
			print 'syntax error (value to array): %s' % ( repr( value_split ) )
			return

		return ( name, value_array )

    def formatException(self, ei):
        tb = ei[2]
        while 1:
            if not tb.tb_next:
                break
            tb = tb.tb_next
        stack = []
        f = tb.tb_frame
        while f:
            stack.append(f)
            f = f.f_back
        stack.reverse()

        sio = cStringIO.StringIO()
        traceback.print_exception(ei[0], ei[1], ei[2], None, sio)

        for frame in stack:
            print >> sio
            print >> sio, "Frame %s in %s at line %s" % (frame.f_code.co_name,
                                                         frame.f_code.co_filename,
                                                         frame.f_lineno)
            for key, value in frame.f_locals.items():
                print >> sio, "\t%20s = " % key,
                try:
                    print >> sio, repr(value)
                except:
                    print >> sio, "<ERROR WHILE PRINTING VALUE>"

        s = sio.getvalue()
        sio.close()
        if s[-1:] == "\n":
            s = s[:-1]
        return s

 def get_report(self, e):
     e = self.get_exception(e)
     s = "".join(traceback.format_exception(type(e), e, e.__traceback__))
     with captured_output("stderr") as sio:
         traceback.print_exception(type(e), e, e.__traceback__)
     self.assertEqual(sio.getvalue(), s)
     return s