def test_defaults(self):
        self.assertTrue(len(POLICIES) > 0)

        # test class functions
        default_policy = POLICIES.default
        self.assertTrue(default_policy.is_default)
        zero_policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(0)
        self.assertTrue(zero_policy.idx == 0)
        zero_policy_by_name = POLICIES.get_by_name(zero_policy.name)
        self.assertTrue(zero_policy_by_name.idx == 0)

    def DELETE(self, req):
        """HTTP DELETE request handler."""
        account_partition, accounts, container_count = \
            self.account_info(self.account_name, req)
        if not accounts:
            return HTTPNotFound(request=req)

        policy_index = self._convert_policy_to_index(req)
        if policy_index is None:
            policy_index = int(POLICIES.default)
        cloud_ring = CloudRing(self.container_name, POLICIES.get_by_index(policy_index))

        container_partition, containers = self.app.container_ring.get_nodes(
            self.account_name, self.container_name)
        headers = self._backend_requests(req, len(containers),
                                         account_partition, accounts)
        clear_info_cache(self.app, req.environ,
                         self.account_name, self.container_name)
        resp = self.make_requests(
            req, self.app.container_ring, container_partition, 'DELETE',
            req.swift_entity_path, headers)
        # Indicates no server had the container
        if resp.status_int == HTTP_ACCEPTED:
            return HTTPNotFound(request=req)
        return_flag, _info = cloud_ring.delete_containers()
        if not return_flag:
            msg = 'Failed:' + str(_info)
            raise DELETECloudContainerException(msg)
        return resp

def parse_get_node_args(options, args):
    """
    Parse the get_nodes commandline args

    :returns: a tuple, (ring_path, args)
    """
    ring_path = None

    if options.policy_name:
        if POLICIES.get_by_name(options.policy_name) is None:
            raise InfoSystemExit('No policy named %r' % options.policy_name)
    elif args and args[0].endswith('.ring.gz'):
        if os.path.exists(args[0]):
            ring_path = args.pop(0)
        else:
            raise InfoSystemExit('Ring file does not exist')

    if len(args) == 1:
        args = args[0].strip('/').split('/', 2)

    if not ring_path and not options.policy_name:
        raise InfoSystemExit('Need to specify policy_name or <ring.gz>')

    if not (args or options.partition):
        raise InfoSystemExit('No target specified')

    if len(args) > 3:
        raise InfoSystemExit('Invalid arguments')

    return ring_path, args

    def get_and_validate_policy_index(self, req):
        """
        Validate that the index supplied maps to a policy.

        :returns: policy index from request, or None if not present
        :raises: HTTPBadRequest if the supplied index is bogus
        """

        policy_index = req.headers.get('X-Backend-Storage-Policy-Index', None)
        if policy_index is None:
            return None

        try:
            policy_index = int(policy_index)
        except ValueError:
            raise HTTPBadRequest(
                request=req, content_type="text/plain",
                body=("Invalid X-Storage-Policy-Index %r" % policy_index))

        policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(policy_index)
        if policy is None:
            raise HTTPBadRequest(
                request=req, content_type="text/plain",
                body=("Invalid X-Storage-Policy-Index %r" % policy_index))
        return int(policy)

def get_name_and_placement(request, minsegs=1, maxsegs=None,
                           rest_with_last=False):
    """
    Utility function to split and validate the request path and storage
    policy.  The storage policy index is extracted from the headers of
    the request and converted to a StoragePolicy instance.  The
    remaining args are passed through to
    :meth:`split_and_validate_path`.

    :returns: a list, result of :meth:`split_and_validate_path` with
              the BaseStoragePolicy instance appended on the end
    :raises: HTTPServiceUnavailable if the path is invalid or no policy exists
             with the extracted policy_index.
    """
    policy_index = request.headers.get('X-Backend-Storage-Policy-Index')
    policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(policy_index)
    if not policy:
        raise HTTPServiceUnavailable(
            body=_("No policy with index %s") % policy_index,
            request=request, content_type='text/plain')
    results = split_and_validate_path(request, minsegs=minsegs,
                                      maxsegs=maxsegs,
                                      rest_with_last=rest_with_last)
    results.append(policy)
    return results

    def get_object_ring(self, policy_idx):
        """
        Get the ring object to use based on its policy.

        :policy_idx: policy index as defined in swift.conf
        :returns: appropriate ring object
        """
        return POLICIES.get_object_ring(policy_idx, self.swift_dir)

    def get_object_ring(self, policy_idx):
        """
        Get the ring identified by the policy index

        :param policy_idx: Storage policy index
        :returns: A ring matching the storage policy
        """
        return POLICIES.get_object_ring(policy_idx, self.swift_dir)

 def test_swift_info(self):
     # the deprecated 'three' should not exist in expect
     expect = [{'default': True, 'name': 'zero'},
               {'name': 'two'},
               {'name': 'one'}]
     swift_info = POLICIES.get_policy_info()
     self.assertEquals(sorted(expect, key=lambda k: k['name']),
                       sorted(swift_info, key=lambda k: k['name']))

    def PUT(self, req):
        """HTTP PUT request handler."""
        error_response = \
            self.clean_acls(req) or check_metadata(req, 'container')
        if error_response:
            return error_response
        policy_index = self._convert_policy_to_index(req)
        if policy_index is None:
            policy_index = int(POLICIES.default)
        if not req.environ.get('swift_owner'):
            for key in self.app.swift_owner_headers:
                req.headers.pop(key, None)
        if len(self.container_name) > constraints.MAX_CONTAINER_NAME_LENGTH:
            resp = HTTPBadRequest(request=req)
            resp.body = 'Container name length of %d longer than %d' % \
                        (len(self.container_name),
                         constraints.MAX_CONTAINER_NAME_LENGTH)
            return resp
        account_partition, accounts, container_count = \
            self.account_info(self.account_name, req)
        if not accounts and self.app.account_autocreate:
            self.autocreate_account(req, self.account_name)
            account_partition, accounts, container_count = \
                self.account_info(self.account_name, req)
        if not accounts:
            return HTTPNotFound(request=req)
        if self.app.max_containers_per_account > 0 and \
                container_count >= self.app.max_containers_per_account and \
                self.account_name not in self.app.max_containers_whitelist:
            container_info = \
                self.container_info(self.account_name, self.container_name,
                                    req)
            if not is_success(container_info.get('status')):
                resp = HTTPForbidden(request=req)
                resp.body = 'Reached container limit of %s' % \
                    self.app.max_containers_per_account
                return resp
        container_partition, containers = self.app.container_ring.get_nodes(
            self.account_name, self.container_name)
        headers = self._backend_requests(req, len(containers),
                                         account_partition, accounts,
                                         policy_index)
        clear_info_cache(self.app, req.environ,
                         self.account_name, self.container_name)
        resp = self.make_requests(
            req, self.app.container_ring,
            container_partition, 'PUT', req.swift_entity_path, headers)

        cloud_ring = CloudRing(self.container_name, POLICIES.get_by_index(policy_index))
        return_flag, _info = cloud_ring.create_containers()
        if not return_flag:
            msg = 'Failed:' + str(_info)
            raise PUTCloudContainerException(msg)

        return resp

    def get_controller(self, req):
        """
        Get the controller to handle a request.

        :param req: the request
        :returns: tuple of (controller class, path dictionary)

        :raises: ValueError (thrown by split_path) if given invalid path
        """
	print 'req.path',req.path
        if req.path == '/info':
            d = dict(version=None,
                     expose_info=self.expose_info,
                     disallowed_sections=self.disallowed_sections,
                     admin_key=self.admin_key)
	    print 'd',d
            return InfoController, d

        version, account, container, obj = split_path(req.path, 1, 4, True)
        d = dict(version=version,
                 account_name=account,
                 container_name=container,
                 object_name=obj)
	print 'd',d
	#print 'valid_api_version(version)',valid_api_version(version)
        if account and not valid_api_version(version):
            raise APIVersionError('Invalid path')
        if obj and container and account:
            info = get_container_info(req.environ, self)
	    print 'info of obj,Acc,Con',info
            policy_index = req.headers.get('X-Backend-Storage-Policy-Index',
                                           info['storage_policy'])
	    print 'policy_index',policy_index
            policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(policy_index)
	    print 'policy',policy
            if not policy:
                # This indicates that a new policy has been created,
                # with rings, deployed, released (i.e. deprecated =
                # False), used by a client to create a container via
                # another proxy that was restarted after the policy
                # was released, and is now cached - all before this
                # worker was HUPed to stop accepting new
                # connections.  There should never be an "unknown"
                # index - but when there is - it's probably operator
                # error and hopefully temporary.
                raise HTTPServiceUnavailable('Unknown Storage Policy')
            return self.obj_controller_router[policy], d
        elif container and account:
	    print 'container & account, returning containercontroller',container,account
            return ContainerController, d
        elif account and not container and not obj:
	    print 'account, returning accountcontroller',account
            return AccountController, d
        return None, d

    def test_sync(self):
        all_objects = []
        # upload some containers
        for policy in ENABLED_POLICIES:
            container = 'container-%s-%s' % (policy.name, uuid.uuid4())
            client.put_container(self.url, self.token, container,
                                 headers={'X-Storage-Policy': policy.name})
            obj = 'object-%s' % uuid.uuid4()
            body = 'test-body'
            client.put_object(self.url, self.token, container, obj, body)
            all_objects.append((policy, container, obj))

        Manager(['container-updater']).once()

        headers = client.head_account(self.url, self.token)

        self.assertEqual(int(headers['x-account-container-count']),
                         len(ENABLED_POLICIES))
        self.assertEqual(int(headers['x-account-object-count']),
                         len(ENABLED_POLICIES))
        self.assertEqual(int(headers['x-account-bytes-used']),
                         len(ENABLED_POLICIES) * len(body))

        part, nodes = self.account_ring.get_nodes(self.account)
        for node in nodes:
            direct_delete_account(node, part, self.account)

        Manager(['account-reaper']).once()

        get_to_final_state()

        for policy, container, obj in all_objects:
            cpart, cnodes = self.container_ring.get_nodes(
                self.account, container)
            for cnode in cnodes:
                try:
                    direct_head_container(cnode, cpart, self.account,
                                          container)
                except ClientException as err:
                    self.assertEquals(err.http_status, 404)
                else:
                    self.fail('Found un-reaped /%s/%s on %r' %
                              (self.account, container, node))
            object_ring = POLICIES.get_object_ring(policy.idx, '/etc/swift/')
            part, nodes = object_ring.get_nodes(self.account, container, obj)
            for node in nodes:
                try:
                    direct_get_object(node, part, self.account,
                                      container, obj)
                except ClientException as err:
                    self.assertEquals(err.http_status, 404)
                else:
                    self.fail('Found un-reaped /%s/%s/%s on %r in %s!' %
                              (self.account, container, obj, node, policy))

 def put_container(self, policy_index=None):
     """
     put container with next storage policy
     """
     policy = self.policies.next()
     if policy_index is not None:
         policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(int(policy_index))
         if not policy:
             raise ValueError('Unknown policy with index %s' % policy)
     headers = {'X-Storage-Policy': policy.name}
     client.put_container(self.url, self.token, self.container_name,
                          headers=headers)

    def get_controller(self, req):
        """
        Get the controller to handle a request.

        :param req: the request
        :returns: tuple of (controller class, path dictionary)

        :raises: ValueError (thrown by split_path) if given invalid path
        """
        if req.path == '/info':
            d = dict(version=None,
                     expose_info=self.expose_info,
                     disallowed_sections=self.disallowed_sections,
                     admin_key=self.admin_key)
            return InfoController, d

        #分割路径信息
        version, account, container, obj = split_path(req.path, 1, 4, True)
        #生成包含version、account、container、object的路径字典，用于返回
        d = dict(version=version,
                 account_name=account,
                 container_name=container,
                 object_name=obj)
        if account and not valid_api_version(version):
            raise APIVersionError('Invalid path')
        #如果是对象操作
        if obj and container and account:
            #获取container信息
            info = get_container_info(req.environ, self)
            policy_index = req.headers.get('X-Backend-Storage-Policy-Index',
                                           info['storage_policy'])
            #通过index获取存储策略对象
            policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(policy_index)
            if not policy:
                # This indicates that a new policy has been created,
                # with rings, deployed, released (i.e. deprecated =
                # False), used by a client to create a container via
                # another proxy that was restarted after the policy
                # was released, and is now cached - all before this
                # worker was HUPed to stop accepting new
                # connections.  There should never be an "unknown"
                # index - but when there is - it's probably operator
                # error and hopefully temporary.
                raise HTTPServiceUnavailable('Unknown Storage Policy')
            #返回对象操作的控制器对象，以及路径字典
            return self.obj_controller_router[policy], d
        #如果是container操作，返回container控制器，以及路径字典
        elif container and account:
            return ContainerController, d
        #如果是account操作，返回account控制器，以及路径字典
        elif account and not container and not obj:
            return AccountController, d
        return None, d

 def check_config(self):
     """
     Check the configuration for possible errors
     """
     for policy_idx, options in self._override_options.items():
         policy = (None if policy_idx is None
                   else POLICIES.get_by_index(policy_idx))
         if options.read_affinity and options.sorting_method != 'affinity':
             self.logger.warning(
                 _("sorting_method is set to '%(method)s', not 'affinity'; "
                   "%(label)s read_affinity setting will have no effect."),
                 {'label': _label_for_policy(policy),
                  'method': options.sorting_method})

    def _store_object(self, req, data_source, nodes, partition,
                      outgoing_headers):
        """
        Store a replicated object.

        This method is responsible for establishing connection
        with storage nodes and sending object to each one of those
        nodes. After sending the data, the "best" reponse will be
        returned based on statuses from all connections
        """
        policy_idx = req.headers.get('X-Backend-Storage-Policy-Index')
        policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(policy_idx)
        if not nodes:
            return HTTPNotFound()

        # RFC2616:8.2.3 disallows 100-continue without a body
        if (req.content_length > 0) or req.is_chunked:
            expect = True
        else:
            expect = False
        conns = self._get_put_connections(req, nodes, partition,
                                          outgoing_headers, policy, expect)

        try:
            # check that a minimum number of connections were established and
            # meet all the correct conditions set in the request
            self._check_failure_put_connections(conns, req, nodes)

            # transfer data
            self._transfer_data(req, data_source, conns, nodes)

            # get responses
            statuses, reasons, bodies, etags = self._get_put_responses(
                req, conns, nodes)
        except HTTPException as resp:
            return resp
        finally:
            for conn in conns:
                conn.close()

        if len(etags) > 1:
            self.app.logger.error(
                _('Object servers returned %s mismatched etags'), len(etags))
            return HTTPServerError(request=req)
        etag = etags.pop() if len(etags) else None
        resp = self.best_response(req, statuses, reasons, bodies,
                                  _('Object PUT'), etag=etag)
        resp.last_modified = math.ceil(
            float(Timestamp(req.headers['X-Timestamp'])))
        return resp

    def test_obj_put_legacy_updates(self):
        ts = (normalize_timestamp(t) for t in
              itertools.count(int(time())))
        policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(0)
        # setup updater
        conf = {
            'devices': self.devices_dir,
            'mount_check': 'false',
            'swift_dir': self.testdir,
        }
        async_dir = os.path.join(self.sda1, get_async_dir(policy))
        os.mkdir(async_dir)

        account, container, obj = 'a', 'c', 'o'
        # write an async
        for op in ('PUT', 'DELETE'):
            self.logger._clear()
            daemon = object_updater.ObjectUpdater(conf, logger=self.logger)
            dfmanager = DiskFileManager(conf, daemon.logger)
            # don't include storage-policy-index in headers_out pickle
            headers_out = swob.HeaderKeyDict({
                'x-size': 0,
                'x-content-type': 'text/plain',
                'x-etag': 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
                'x-timestamp': next(ts),
            })
            data = {'op': op, 'account': account, 'container': container,
                    'obj': obj, 'headers': headers_out}
            dfmanager.pickle_async_update(self.sda1, account, container, obj,
                                          data, next(ts), policy)

            request_log = []

            def capture(*args, **kwargs):
                request_log.append((args, kwargs))

            # run once
            fake_status_codes = [200, 200, 200]
            with mocked_http_conn(*fake_status_codes, give_connect=capture):
                daemon.run_once()
            self.assertEqual(len(fake_status_codes), len(request_log))
            for request_args, request_kwargs in request_log:
                ip, part, method, path, headers, qs, ssl = request_args
                self.assertEqual(method, op)
                self.assertEqual(headers['X-Backend-Storage-Policy-Index'],
                                 str(int(policy)))
            self.assertEqual(daemon.logger.get_increment_counts(),
                             {'successes': 1, 'unlinks': 1,
                              'async_pendings': 1})

 def statsd_metric_name_policy(self, req, status_int, method, policy_index):
     if policy_index is None:
         return None
     stat_type = self.get_metric_name_type(req)
     if stat_type == 'object':
         stat_method = method if method in self.valid_methods \
             else 'BAD_METHOD'
         # The policy may not exist
         policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(policy_index)
         if policy:
             return '.'.join((stat_type, 'policy', str(policy_index),
                              stat_method, str(status_int)))
         else:
             return None
     else:
         return None

 def _get_object_info(self, account, container, obj, number):
     obj_conf = self.configs['object-server']
     config_path = obj_conf[number]
     options = utils.readconf(config_path, 'app:object-server')
     swift_dir = options.get('swift_dir', '/etc/swift')
     ring = POLICIES.get_object_ring(int(self.policy), swift_dir)
     part, nodes = ring.get_nodes(account, container, obj)
     for node in nodes:
         # assumes one to one mapping
         if node['port'] == int(options.get('bind_port')):
             device = node['device']
             break
     else:
         return None
     mgr = DiskFileManager(options, get_logger(options))
     disk_file = mgr.get_diskfile(device, part, account, container, obj,
                                  self.policy)
     info = disk_file.read_metadata()
     return info

    def _convert_policy_to_index(self, req):
        """
        Helper method to convert a policy name (from a request from a client)
        to a policy index (for a request to a backend).

        :param req: incoming request
        """
        policy_name = req.headers.get("X-Storage-Policy")
        if not policy_name:
            return
        policy = POLICIES.get_by_name(policy_name)
        if not policy:
            raise HTTPBadRequest(
                request=req, content_type="text/plain", body=("Invalid %s '%s'" % ("X-Storage-Policy", policy_name))
            )
        if policy.is_deprecated:
            body = "Storage Policy %r is deprecated" % (policy.name)
            raise HTTPBadRequest(request=req, body=body)
        return int(policy)

    def __call__(self, env, start_response):
        request = Request(env)

        if request.method == 'PUT':
            try:
                version, account, container, obj = \
                    request.split_path(1, 4, True)
            except ValueError:
                return self.app(env, start_response)

            # check container creation request
            if account and container and not obj:
                policy_name = request.headers.get('X-Storage-Policy', '')
                default_policy = POLICIES.default.name
                if (policy_name in self.policies) or \
                   (policy_name == '' and default_policy in self.policies):

                    container = unquote(container)
                    if len(container) > constraints. \
                            SOF_MAX_CONTAINER_NAME_LENGTH:
                        resp = HTTPBadRequest(request=request)
                        resp.body = \
                            'Container name length of %d longer than %d' % \
                            (len(container),
                                constraints.SOF_MAX_CONTAINER_NAME_LENGTH)
                        return resp(env, start_response)
            elif account and container and obj:
                # check object creation request
                obj = unquote(obj)

                container_info = get_container_info(
                    env, self.app)
                policy = POLICIES.get_by_index(
                    container_info['storage_policy'])

                if policy.name in self.policies:
                    error_response = sof_check_object_creation(request, obj)
                    if error_response:
                        self.logger.warn("returning error: %s", error_response)
                        return error_response(env, start_response)

        return self.app(env, start_response)