bool valid_cached_file_version(const char *cachename)
{
	char buffer[16];
	autofclose FILE *f;
	if (!(f = fopen(cachename, "r"))) {
		PERROR("Error: Could not read cache file '%s', skipping...\n", cachename);
		return false;
	}
	size_t res = fread(buffer, 1, 16, f);
	if (res < 16) {
		if (debug_cache)
			pwarn("%s: cache file '%s' invalid size\n", progname, cachename);
		return false;
	}

	/* 12 byte header that is always the same and then 4 byte version # */
	if (memcmp(buffer, header_string, HEADER_STRING_SIZE) != 0) {
		if (debug_cache)
			pwarn("%s: cache file '%s' has wrong header\n", progname, cachename);
		return false;
	}

	uint32_t version = cpu_to_le32(ENCODE_VERSION(force_complain,
						      policy_version,
						      parser_abi_version,
						      kernel_abi_version));
	if (memcmp(buffer + 12, &version, 4) != 0) {
		if (debug_cache)
			pwarn("%s: cache file '%s' has wrong version\n", progname, cachename);
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

void
fileerror(ino_t cwd, ino_t ino, const char *errmesg)
{
	char pathbuf[MAXPATHLEN + 1];
	struct uvnode *vp;

	pwarn("%s ", errmesg);
	pinode(ino);
	printf("\n");
	pwarn("PARENT=%lld\n", (long long)cwd);
	getpathname(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), cwd, ino);
	if (ino < ULFS_ROOTINO || ino >= maxino) {
		pfatal("NAME=%s\n", pathbuf);
		return;
	}
	vp = vget(fs, ino);
	if (vp == NULL)
		pfatal("INO is NULL\n");
	else {
		if (ftypeok(VTOD(vp)))
			pfatal("%s=%s\n",
			    (lfs_dino_getmode(fs, VTOI(vp)->i_din) & LFS_IFMT) == LFS_IFDIR ?
			    "DIR" : "FILE", pathbuf);
		else
			pfatal("NAME=%s\n", pathbuf);
	}
}

/*
 * Check a complete in-memory FAT for lost cluster chains
 */
int
checklost(int dosfs, struct bootblock *boot, struct fatEntry *fat)
{
	cl_t head;
	int mod = FSOK;
	int ret;
	
	for (head = CLUST_FIRST; head < boot->NumClusters; head++) {
		/* find next untravelled chain */
		if (fat[head].head != head
		    || fat[head].next == CLUST_FREE
		    || (fat[head].next >= CLUST_RSRVD
			&& fat[head].next < CLUST_EOFS)
		    || (fat[head].flags & FAT_USED))
			continue;

		pwarn("Lost cluster chain at cluster %u\n%d Cluster(s) lost\n",
		      head, fat[head].length);
		mod |= ret = reconnect(dosfs, boot, fat, head);
		if (mod & FSFATAL)
			break;
		if (ret == FSERROR && ask(0, "Clear")) {
			clearchain(boot, fat, head);
			mod |= FSFATMOD;
		}
	}
	finishlf();

	if (boot->FSInfo) {
		ret = 0;
		if (boot->FSFree != boot->NumFree) {
			pwarn("Free space in FSInfo block (%d) not correct (%d)\n",
			      boot->FSFree, boot->NumFree);
			if (ask(1, "fix")) {
				boot->FSFree = boot->NumFree;
				ret = 1;
			}
		}
		if (boot->NumFree && (boot->FSNext >= boot->NumClusters ||
				      fat[boot->FSNext].next != CLUST_FREE)) {
			pwarn("Next free cluster in FSInfo block (%u) not free\n",
			      boot->FSNext);
			if (ask(1, "fix"))
				for (head = CLUST_FIRST; head < boot->NumClusters; head++)
					if (fat[head].next == CLUST_FREE) {
						boot->FSNext = head;
						ret = 1;
						break;
					}
		}
		if (ret)
			mod |= writefsinfo(dosfs, boot);
	}

	return mod;
}

/*
 * - set mount_point to NULL
 * - if name is mounted (search mnttab)
 *   - if it is a device, clear rflag
 *   - if mounted on /, /usr, or /var, set corefs
 *   - if corefs and read-only, set hotroot and continue
 *   - if errorlocked, continue
 *   - if preening, bail
 *   - ask user whether to continue, bail if not
 * - if it is a device and not mounted and rflag, convert
 *   name to raw version
 */
static int
check_mount_state(caddr_t devstr, size_t str_size)
{
	int corefs = 0;
	int is_dev = 0;
	struct stat statb;

	if (stat(devstr, &statb) < 0) {
		exitstat = EXNOSTAT;
		errexit("fsck: could not stat %s: %s", devstr, strerror(errno));
	}
	if (S_ISCHR(statb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(statb.st_mode))
		is_dev = 1;

	/*
	 * mounted() will update mount_point when returning true.
	 */
	mount_point = NULL;
	if ((mountedfs = mounted(devstr, devstr, str_size)) != M_NOMNT) {
		if (is_dev)
			rflag = 0;
		corefs = which_corefs(mount_point);
		if (corefs && (mountedfs == M_RO)) {
			hotroot++;
		} else if (errorlocked) {
			goto carry_on;
		} else if (preen) {
			exitstat = EXMOUNTED;
			pfatal("%s IS CURRENTLY MOUNTED%s.",
			    devstr, mountedfs == M_RW ? " READ/WRITE" : "");
		} else {
			if (!nflag) {
				pwarn("%s IS CURRENTLY MOUNTED READ/%s.",
				    devstr, mountedfs == M_RW ? "WRITE" :
				    "ONLY");
				if (reply("CONTINUE") == 0) {
					exitstat = EXMOUNTED;
					errexit("Program terminated");
				}
			} else {
				pwarn("%s IS CURRENTLY MOUNTED READ/%s.\n",
				    devstr, mountedfs == M_RW ? "WRITE" :
				    "ONLY");
			}
		}
	} else if (is_dev && rflag) {
		(void) strlcpy(devstr, rawname(devstr), str_size);
	}

carry_on:
	return (corefs);
}

static int prefix_opts(JFT_Stem *prefix, JFT_Symbol **stop, int argc, char **argv) {
  extern char *optarg;
  extern int optind, optopt;
  int opt, ptr, err = 0, omit = 1;

  static struct option options[] = {
    {"null", no_argument, NULL, 'n'},
    {"stop", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
    {"primary", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
    {"indices", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
    {}
  };

  // default
  prefix->pre = JFT_SYMBOL_PRIMARY;
  prefix->size = 1;

  while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hnspi", options, &ptr)) != -1) {
    switch(opt) {
      case 'h':
        return usage(0);
      case 'n':
        omit = 0;
        break;
      case 's':
        *stop = &null;
        break;
      case 'p':
        prefix->pre = JFT_SYMBOL_PRIMARY;
        prefix->size = 1;
        break;
      case 'i':
        prefix->pre = JFT_SYMBOL_INDICES;
        prefix->size = 1;
        break;
      case ':':
        pwarn("%s: option requires an argument -- %c", argv[0], optopt);
        err++;
        break;
      case '?':
        pwarn("%s: illegal option -- %c", argv[0], optopt);
        err++;
        break;
    }
  }

  read_prefix(prefix, omit, argc - optind, argv + optind);
  return err;
}

void
adjust(struct inodesc *idesc, short lcnt)
{
	union dinode *dp;

	dp = ginode(idesc->id_number);
	if (DIP(dp, di_nlink) == lcnt) {
		if (linkup(idesc->id_number, 0) == 0)
			clri(idesc, "UNREF", 0);
	} else {
		pwarn("LINK COUNT %s", (lfdir == idesc->id_number) ? lfname :
			((DIP(dp, di_mode) & IFMT) == IFDIR ? "DIR" : "FILE"));
		pinode(idesc->id_number);
		printf(" COUNT %d SHOULD BE %d", DIP(dp, di_nlink),
		    DIP(dp, di_nlink) - lcnt);
		if (preen || usedsoftdep) {
			if (lcnt < 0) {
				printf("\n");
				pfatal("LINK COUNT INCREASING");
			}
			if (preen)
				printf(" (ADJUSTED)\n");
		}
		if (preen || reply("ADJUST") == 1) {
			DIP_SET(dp, di_nlink, DIP(dp, di_nlink) - lcnt);
			inodirty();
		}
	}
}

void
clri(struct inodesc *idesc, const char *type, int flag)
{
	union dinode *dp;

	dp = ginode(idesc->id_number);
	if (flag == 1) {
		pwarn("%s %s", type,
		    (DIP(dp, di_mode) & IFMT) == IFDIR ? "DIR" : "FILE");
		pinode(idesc->id_number);
	}
	if (preen || reply("CLEAR") == 1) {
		if (preen)
			printf(" (CLEARED)\n");
		n_files--;
		if (bkgrdflag == 0) {
			(void)ckinode(dp, idesc);
			inoinfo(idesc->id_number)->ino_state = USTATE;
			clearinode(dp);
			inodirty();
		} else {
			cmd.value = idesc->id_number;
			cmd.size = -DIP(dp, di_nlink);
			if (debug)
				printf("adjrefcnt ino %ld amt %lld\n",
				    (long)cmd.value, (long long)cmd.size);
			if (sysctl(adjrefcnt, MIBSIZE, 0, 0,
			    &cmd, sizeof cmd) == -1)
				rwerror("ADJUST INODE", cmd.value);
		}
	}
}

int32_t
bread(int fd, char *buf, daddr_t blk, long size)
{
	char *cp;
	int i, errs;
	offset_t offset = ldbtob(blk);
	offset_t addr;

	if (llseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
		rwerror(gettext("SEEK"), blk);
	else if (read(fd, buf, (int)size) == size)
		return (0);
	rwerror(gettext("READ"), blk);
	if (llseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
		rwerror(gettext("SEEK"), blk);
	errs = 0;
	bzero(buf, (int)size);
	pwarn(gettext("THE FOLLOWING SECTORS COULD NOT BE READ:"));
	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < btodb(size); i++, cp += DEV_BSIZE) {
		addr = ldbtob(blk + i);
		if (llseek(fd, addr, SEEK_CUR) < 0 ||
		    read(fd, cp, (int)secsize) < 0) {
			(void) printf(" %ld", blk + i);
			errs++;
		}
	}
	(void) printf("\n");
	return (errs);
}

void
bwrite(int fd, char *buf, daddr_t blk, long size)
{
	int i, n;
	char *cp;
	offset_t offset = ldbtob(blk);
	offset_t addr;

	if (fd < 0)
		return;
	if (llseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
		rwerror(gettext("SEEK"), blk);
	else if (write(fd, buf, (int)size) == size) {
		fsmodified = 1;
		return;
	}
	rwerror(gettext("WRITE"), blk);
	if (llseek(fd, offset, 0) < 0)
		rwerror(gettext("SEEK"), blk);
	pwarn(gettext("THE FOLLOWING SECTORS COULD NOT BE WRITTEN:"));
	for (cp = buf, i = 0; i < btodb(size); i++, cp += DEV_BSIZE) {
		n = 0;
		addr = ldbtob(blk + i);
		if (llseek(fd, addr, SEEK_CUR) < 0 ||
		    (n = write(fd, cp, DEV_BSIZE)) < 0) {
			(void) printf(" %ld", blk + i);
		} else if (n > 0) {
			fsmodified = 1;
		}

	}
	(void) printf("\n");
}

void BeetleInternal::informServicesChanged(handle_range_t range, device_t dst) {
	if (debug) {
		pdebug("informing " + std::to_string(dst) + " of service change " + range.str());
	}

	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> handlesLg(handlesMutex);
	if (serviceChangedAttr->subscribersNotify.size() == 0) {
		return;
	}
	uint8_t cmd[7];
	cmd[0] = ATT_OP_HANDLE_NOTIFY;
	*(uint16_t *) (cmd + 1) = htobs(serviceChangedAttr->getHandle());
	*(uint16_t *) (cmd + 3) = htobs(range.start);
	*(uint16_t *) (cmd + 5) = htobs(range.end);

	if (serviceChangedAttr->subscribersNotify.find(dst) != serviceChangedAttr->subscribersNotify.end()) {
		if (beetle.devices.find(dst) != beetle.devices.end()) {
			beetle.devices[dst]->writeCommand(cmd, sizeof(cmd));
		} else {
			pwarn("cannot inform " + std::to_string(dst) + ", does not name a device");
		}
	} else {
		if (debug) {
			pdebug(std::to_string(dst) + " is not subscribed to service changed characteristic");
		}
	}
}

static int
initial_error_state_adjust(void)
{
	int retval = 0;

	/* do this right away to prevent any other fscks on this fs */
	switch (sblock.fs_clean) {
	case FSBAD:
		break;
	case FSFIX:
		if (preen)
			errexit("ERROR-LOCKED; MARKED \"FSFIX\"\n");
		if (reply("marked FSFIX, CONTINUE") == 0) {
			retval = -1;
			goto finish;
		}
		break;
	case FSCLEAN:
		if (preen)
			errexit("ERROR-LOCKED; MARKED \"FSCLEAN\"\n");
		if (reply("marked FSCLEAN, CONTINUE") == 0) {
			retval = -1;
			goto finish;
		}
		break;
	default:
		if (preen) {
			if (debug)
				pwarn("ERRORLOCKED; NOT MARKED \"FSBAD\"\n");
			else
				errexit("ERRORLOCKED; NOT MARKED \"FSBAD\"\n");
		} else {
			(void) printf("error-locked but not marked \"FSBAD\";");
			if (reply(" CONTINUE") == 0) {
				retval = -1;
				goto finish;
			}
		}
		break;
	}

	if (!do_errorlock(LOCKFS_ELOCK)) {
		if (preen) {
			retval = -1;
			goto finish;
		}
		if (reply("error-lock reset failed; CONTINUE") == 0) {
			retval = -1;
			goto finish;
		}
	}

	sblock.fs_state = FSOKAY - (long)sblock.fs_time;
	sblock.fs_clean = FSFIX;
	sbdirty();
	write_altsb(fswritefd);

finish:
	return (retval);
}

/*
 * Check a cluster number for valid value
 */
static int
checkclnum(struct bootblock *boot, int fat, cl_t cl, cl_t *next)
{
	if (*next >= (CLUST_RSRVD&boot->ClustMask))
		*next |= ~boot->ClustMask;
	if (*next == CLUST_FREE) {
		boot->NumFree++;
		return FSOK;
	}
	if (*next == CLUST_BAD) {
		boot->NumBad++;
		return FSOK;
	}
	if (*next < CLUST_FIRST
	    || (*next >= boot->NumClusters && *next < CLUST_EOFS)) {
		pwarn("Cluster %u in FAT %d continues with %s cluster number %u\n",
		      cl, fat,
		      *next < CLUST_RSRVD ? "out of range" : "reserved",
		      *next&boot->ClustMask);
		if (ask(0, "Truncate")) {
			*next = CLUST_EOF;
			return FSFATMOD;
		}
		return FSERROR;
	}
	return FSOK;
}

void
adjust(struct inodesc *idesc, short lcnt)
{
	struct ext2fs_dinode *dp;

	dp = ginode(idesc->id_number);
	if (fs2h16(dp->e2di_nlink) == lcnt) {
		if (linkup(idesc->id_number, (ino_t)0) == 0)
			clri(idesc, "UNREF", 0);
	} else {
		pwarn("LINK COUNT %s", (lfdir == idesc->id_number) ? lfname :
			((fs2h16(dp->e2di_mode) & IFMT) == IFDIR ? "DIR" : "FILE"));
		pinode(idesc->id_number);
		printf(" COUNT %d SHOULD BE %d",
			fs2h16(dp->e2di_nlink), fs2h16(dp->e2di_nlink) - lcnt);
		if (preen) {
			if (lcnt < 0) {
				printf("\n");
				pfatal("LINK COUNT INCREASING");
			}
			printf(" (ADJUSTED)\n");
		}
		if (preen || reply("ADJUST") == 1) {
			dp->e2di_nlink = h2fs16(fs2h16(dp->e2di_nlink) - lcnt);
			inodirty();
		}
	}
}

/*
 * Should never get called. All reads and writes are serviced by the cache.
 */
int BeetleInternal::writeTransactionBlocking(uint8_t *buf, int len, uint8_t *&resp) {
	if (debug) {
		pwarn("Beetle received an unanticipated request");
	}
	resp = new uint8_t[ATT_ERROR_PDU_LEN];
	pack_error_pdu(buf[0], 0, ATT_ECODE_UNLIKELY, resp);
	return ATT_ERROR_PDU_LEN;
}

boolean pthreadMayCreate(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,
	void *(*start_routine)(void *), void *arg)
/* Create a thread.  Warn and return FALSE if there is a problem. */
{
int err = pthread_create(thread, attr, start_routine, arg);
pwarn("pthread_create", err);
return err == 0;
}

/*
 * Verify that a directory entry is valid.
 * This is a superset of the checks made in the kernel.
 */
int
dircheck(struct inodesc *idesc, LFS_DIRHEADER *dp)
{
	int size;
	const char *cp;
	u_char namlen, type;
	int spaceleft;

	spaceleft = LFS_DIRBLKSIZ - (idesc->id_loc % LFS_DIRBLKSIZ);
	if (lfs_dir_getino(fs, dp) >= maxino ||
	    lfs_dir_getreclen(fs, dp) == 0 ||
	    lfs_dir_getreclen(fs, dp) > spaceleft ||
	    (lfs_dir_getreclen(fs, dp) & 0x3) != 0) {
		pwarn("ino too large, reclen=0, reclen>space, or reclen&3!=0\n");
		pwarn("dp->d_ino = 0x%jx\tdp->d_reclen = 0x%x\n",
		    (uintmax_t)lfs_dir_getino(fs, dp),
		    lfs_dir_getreclen(fs, dp));
		pwarn("maxino = %ju\tspaceleft = 0x%x\n",
		    (uintmax_t)maxino, spaceleft);
		return (0);
	}
	if (lfs_dir_getino(fs, dp) == 0)
		return (1);
	size = LFS_DIRSIZ(fs, dp);
	namlen = lfs_dir_getnamlen(fs, dp);
	type = lfs_dir_gettype(fs, dp);
	if (lfs_dir_getreclen(fs, dp) < size ||
	    idesc->id_filesize < size ||
	/* namlen > MAXNAMLEN || */
	    type > 15) {
		printf("reclen<size, filesize<size, namlen too large, or type>15\n");
		return (0);
	}
	cp = lfs_dir_nameptr(fs, dp);
	for (size = 0; size < namlen; size++)
		if (*cp == '\0' || (*cp++ == '/')) {
			printf("name contains NUL or /\n");
			return (0);
		}
	if (*cp != '\0') {
		printf("name size misstated\n");
		return (0);
	}
	return (1);
}

/*
 * Attempt to expand the size of a directory
 */
static int
expanddir(struct ext2fs_dinode *dp, char *name)
{
	daddr_t lastbn, newblk;
	struct bufarea *bp;
	char *firstblk;

	lastbn = lblkno(&sblock, inosize(dp));
	if (lastbn >= NDADDR - 1 || fs2h32(dp->e2di_blocks[lastbn]) == 0 ||
		inosize(dp) == 0) {
		return (0);
	}
	if ((newblk = allocblk()) == 0) {
		return (0);
	}
	dp->e2di_blocks[lastbn + 1] = dp->e2di_blocks[lastbn];
	dp->e2di_blocks[lastbn] = h2fs32(newblk);
	inossize(dp, inosize(dp) + sblock.e2fs_bsize);
	dp->e2di_nblock = h2fs32(fs2h32(dp->e2di_nblock) + 1);
	bp = getdirblk(fs2h32(dp->e2di_blocks[lastbn + 1]),
		sblock.e2fs_bsize);
	if (bp->b_errs)
		goto bad;
	if ((firstblk = malloc(sblock.e2fs_bsize)) == NULL)
		err(8, "cannot allocate first block");
	memcpy(firstblk, bp->b_un.b_buf, sblock.e2fs_bsize);
	bp = getdirblk(newblk, sblock.e2fs_bsize);
	if (bp->b_errs) {
		free(firstblk);
		goto bad;
	}
	memcpy(bp->b_un.b_buf, firstblk, sblock.e2fs_bsize);
	free(firstblk);
	dirty(bp);
	bp = getdirblk(fs2h32(dp->e2di_blocks[lastbn + 1]),
		sblock.e2fs_bsize);
	if (bp->b_errs)
		goto bad;
	emptydir.dot_reclen = h2fs16(sblock.e2fs_bsize);
	memcpy(bp->b_un.b_buf, &emptydir, sizeof emptydir);
	pwarn("NO SPACE LEFT IN %s", name);
	if (preen)
		printf(" (EXPANDED)\n");
	else if (reply("EXPAND") == 0)
		goto bad;
	dirty(bp);
	inodirty();
	return (1);
bad:
	dp->e2di_blocks[lastbn] = dp->e2di_blocks[lastbn + 1];
	dp->e2di_blocks[lastbn + 1] = 0;
	inossize(dp, inosize(dp) - sblock.e2fs_bsize);
	dp->e2di_nblock = h2fs32(fs2h32(dp->e2di_nblock) - 1);
	freeblk(newblk);
	return (0);
}

static void perr(char *function, int err)
/* Print out error for function and abort on
 * non-zero error code.. */
{
if (err != 0)
    {
    pwarn(function, err);
    noWarnAbort();
    }
}

static void
badsb(int listerr, caddr_t s)
{
	if (!listerr)
		return;
	if (preen)
		(void) printf("%s: ", devname);
	(void) printf("BAD SUPERBLOCK AT BLOCK %d: %s\n",
	    bflag != 0 ? bflag : SBLOCK, s);
	if (preen) {
		pwarn(
	    "USE AN ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCK TO SUPPLY NEEDED INFORMATION;\n");
		pwarn("e.g. fsck [-F ufs] -o b=# [special ...] \n");
		exitstat = EXERRFATAL;
		pfatal(
	    "where # is the alternate super block. SEE fsck_ufs(1M). \n");
	}
	/* we're expected to return if not preening */
}

void
markbusy(daddr_t block, long count)
{
	register int i;

	count = roundup(count, secsize) / secsize;
	for (i = 0; i < count; i++, block++) {
		if ((unsigned)block > part_len) {
			pwarn(gettext("Block %lx out of range\n"), block);
			break;
		}
		if (testbusy(block))
			pwarn(gettext("Dup block %lx\n"), block);
		else {
			n_blks++;
			setbusy(block);
		}
	}
}